There has been a significant advance in our understanding of the molecular biology of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) alongside progress in the development of targeted therapies including multikinase and specific rearranged during transfection inhibitors.

This review will examine the latest data investigating the impact of the genomics of MTC on the prediction of the natural history of an individual's disease and the determination, selection and timing of treatment interventions.

Recent advances in genotyping in MTC and the development of targeted therapies have impacted on the clinical management of both sporadic and hereditary MTC.