Braun (2012)
[73]United
States131/31/032.0–65.0 Inactive,
Overweight/ ObeseAcute,
Within-
SubjectHatha5 sessions/week,
90 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedSRE (↓);
Mood (↑)16%Cramer (2016)
[74]Germany1260/60/047.8 ± 9.8Inactive,
Overweight/ ObeseChronic 4,
RCTHatha2 sessions/week,
90 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedBW, BMI, BF, WHR, SRE (↓); LBM, QoL (↑) 7%Dhananjai (2013)
[75]India24272/124/14833.9 ± 7.7Inactive,
ObeseChronic, Case-
ControlHatha5 sessions/week,
60 min/session,
supervised,
lab-basedBW, BMI, WC, WHR, ANX, DEP (↓)0%Forseth (2022)
[76]United
States1218/9/911.5 ± 1.7Inactive,
ObeseChronic,
Between-SubjectHatha1 session/week,
45–60 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedBMI (↓)40%Guo (2014)
[77]China4850/50/036.8 ± NR
(18.0–48.0)Active,
OverweightChronic, Within-
SubjectBikram4 sessions/week,
90 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedBW, BF, WC, TC, LDL, TG, RHR, SBP, DBP (↓);
HDL (↑) 0%Hainsworth (2018)
[78]United
States89/5/414.0 ± NR
(11.0–17.0)Inactive,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic, Within-
SubjectIyengar2 sessions/week,
60 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedQoL (↑)10%Hewett (2017)
[79]Australia1656/44/1237.2 ± 10.8Sedentary,
Overweight/
Obese (83%) and Normal Weight (17%)Chronic,
RCTBikram3–5 sessions/week,
supervised,
field-basedBW, BMI, WC, LBM, BF, TC, LDL, HDL, TG, BG, RHR, DBP, SBP (↔)11%Hopkins (2016)
[80]United
States839/39/033.5 ± 6.4Inactive,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
RCTBikram2 sessions/week,
90 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedSRE (↓)25%Hunter (2016)
[81]United
States843/35/837.6 ± 11.0Sedentary,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
Within-
SubjectBikram3 sessions/week,
90 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedQoL (↓)35%Hunter (2013)
[82]United
States829/23/639.2 ± 11.0Sedentary,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
Within-
SubjectBikram3 sessions/week,
90 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedBW, BMI, BG (↓)0%Jorrakate (2015)
[83]Thailand416/8/822.2 ± 1.4Sedentary,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
RCTHatha3 sessions/week,
45 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedBalance (↑)0%Lee (2012)
[84]South
Korea1616/16/054.5 ± 2.8Sedentary,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
RCTHatha3 sessions/week,
60 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedBW, BMI, WC, BF, VFA, TC, LDL, TG, SBP, DBP, BG, INSL, HOMA-IR (↓); ADPN, HDL (↑) 0%Na Nongkha (2021)
[85]Thailand1240/40/020.0 ± 0.8Inactive,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
RCTVinyasa3 sessions/week,
50 min/session,
65–75% MHR,
supervised,
field-basedBW, BMI, BF (↓); LBM (↑) 0%Na Nongkha (2022)
[86]Thailand1260/60/018.0–22.0Inactive,
OverweightChronic,
RCTVinyasa3 sessions/week,
45 min/session,
65–75% MHR,
supervised (online),
field-basedBW, BMI, WC, RHR (↓)0%Rshikesan (2016a) 5
[87]India1472/0/7241.1 ± 10.4Sedentary,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
RCTHatha5 sessions/week,
90 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedBW, BMI, BF, WC, SRE (↓) 10%Rshikesan (2016b) 6
[88]India2672/0/7241.1 ± 10.4
Sedentary,
Overweight/
Obese
Chronic,
RCTHatha 5 sessions/week,
90 min/session,
semi-supervised,
field-basedBW, BMI, BF, WC, SRE (↓)10%Rshikesan (2017) 5
[89]India1472/0/7241.1 ± 10.4Sedentary,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
RCTHatha5 sessions/week,
90 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedBW, BMI (↓); BMC, BMD (↑)10%Seo (2012)
[90]South
Korea820/0/2014.7 ± 0.7Inactive,
ObeseChronic,
RCTHatha3 sessions/week,
60 min/session,
supervised,
field-basedBW, BMI, BF, TC (↓); LBM, RMR, HDL (↑); LDL, TG, BG, INSL, HOMA-IR (↔)0%Sharma (2022a) 5
[91]India1265/19/4637.9 ± 6.4Sedentary,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
RCTHatha6 sessions/week,
60 min/session,
semi-supervised,
field-basedBW, BMI, WHR (↓)10%Sharma (2022b) 5
[92]India1265/19/4637.9 ± 6.4Sedentary,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
RCTHatha6 sessions/week,
60 min/session,
semi-supervised,
field-basedNF-kappa B,
TNF-α, IL-6
(↔)10%Unick (2022)
[93]
United
States1251/51/034.3 ± 3.9Sedentary,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
RCTIyengar2 sessions/week,
60 min/session,
supervised,
lab-basedBW, SRE (↓); ENJ (↑)6%Widjaja (2021)
[94]Thailand822/22/062.0 ± 1.0Sedentary,
Overweight/
ObeseChronic,
RCTHatha3 sessions/week,
60 min/session,
52–60% MHR,
supervised,
field-basedStrength,
Flexibility,
Functional
Mobility,
Balance,
CRF (↑) 0%