Lei Ye received her Ph.D. in Nanjing University of China. She is currently doing her postdoctoral training in the laboratory of Jingyuan Fang at Renji Hospital, Shanghai, where she investigated lactate and lactylation and T cell biology in autoimmune diseases.

Yi Jiang is a Ph.D. student in the laboratory of Jingyuan Fang at Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China. She studies cancer immunotherapy and protein modifications.

Mingming Zhang earned a Ph.D. in Gastroenterology from Fudan University of China and was a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Hening Lin of Cornell University. He has worked on immune imbalance and posttranslational modifications in inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer for the past decade. He is now a Senior Scientist in the laboratory of Jingyuan Fang at Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China, where he leads the lactate metabolism and immunity disorders group.

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