Young, T. et al. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 328, 1230–1235 (1993).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berry, R. B. et al. AASM scoring manual version 2.2 updates: new chapters for scoring infant sleep staging and home sleep Apnea testing. J. Clin. Sleep. Med. 11, 1253–1254 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Young, T. et al. Sleep disordered breathing and mortality: eighteen-year follow-up of the Wisconsin sleep cohort. Sleep 31, 1071–1078 (2008).

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arzt, M., Young, T., Finn, L., Skatrud, J. B. & Bradley, T. D. Association of sleep-disordered breathing and the occurrence of stroke. Am. J. Respiratory Crit. Care Med. 172, 1447–1451 (2005).

Article  Google Scholar 

Tung, P. et al. Obstructive and central sleep Apnea and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in a community cohort of men and women. J. Am. Heart Association 6, e004500 (2017).

Article  Google Scholar 

Javaheri, S. et al. Association between obstructive sleep apnea and left ventricular structure by age and gender: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Sleep 39, 523–529 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Marshall, N. S., Wong, K. K. H., Cullen, S. R. J., Knuiman, M. W. & Grunstein, R. R. Sleep apnea and 20-year follow-up for all-cause mortality, stroke, and cancer incidence and mortality in the Busselton Health Study cohort. J. Clin. Sleep. Med.: JCSM: Off. Publ. Am. Acad. Sleep. Med. 10, 355–362 (2014).

Google Scholar 

Khayat, R. et al. Sleep disordered breathing and post-discharge mortality in patients with acute heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 36, 1463–1469 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Emdin, M. et al. Prognostic significance of central Apneas throughout a 24-hour period in patients with heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 70, 1351–1364 (2017).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shah, N. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and acute myocardial infarction severity: ischemic preconditioning? Sleep. Breath. = Schlaf Atm. 17, 819–826 (2013).

Article  Google Scholar 

Chang, C.-C. et al. High incidence of stroke in young women with sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep. Med. 15, 410–414 (2014).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parra, O. et al. Sleep-related breathing disorders: impact on mortality of cerebrovascular disease. Eur. Respiratory J. 24, 267–272 (2004).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hla, K. M. et al. Coronary heart disease incidence in sleep disordered breathing: the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep 38, 677–684 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gottlieb, D. et al. Prospective study of obstructive sleep Apnea and incident coronary heart disease and heart failure: the sleep heart health study. Circulation 122, 352–360 (2010).

Stone, K. L. et al. Sleep disordered breathing and risk of stroke in older community-dwelling men. Sleep 39, 531–540 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roca, G. Q. et al. Sex-specific association of sleep apnea severity with subclinical myocardial injury, ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure risk in a community-dwelling cohort. Circulation 132, 1329–1337 (2015).

Punjabi, N. M., Newman, A. B., Young, T. B., Resnick, H. E. & Sanders, M. H. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: an outcome-based definition of hypopneas. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 177, 1150–1155 (2008).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Somers, V. K. et al. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: an American Heart Association/american College Of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council On Cardiovascular Nursing. In collaboration with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health). Circulation 118, 1080–1111 (2008).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duran-Cantolla, J. et al. Continuous positive airway pressure as treatment for systemic hypertension in people with obstructive sleep apnoea: randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clin. Res. ed.) 341, c5991 (2010).

Article  Google Scholar 

Loke, Y. K., Brown, J. W., Kwok, C. S., Niruban, A. & Myint, P. K. Association of obstructive sleep apnea with risk of serious cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation Cardiovascular Qual. Outcomes 5, 720–728 (2012).

Article  Google Scholar 

Porto, F., Sakamoto, Y. S. & Salles, C. Association between obstructive sleep Apnea and myocardial infarction: a systematic review. Arquivos Brasileiros de. Cardiologia. 108, 361–369 (2017).

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xie, W., Zheng, F. & Song, X. Obstructive sleep apnea and serious adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 93, e336 (2014).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J. & Altman, D. G. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 6, e1000097 (2009).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stroup, D. F. et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epide.miology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. Jama 283, 2008–2012 (2000).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Javaheri, S. et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and incident heart failure in older men. Am J Respir. Crit. Care Med. 193, 561–568 (2016).

Redline, S. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and incident stroke: the sleep heart health study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 182, 269–277 (2010).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Munoz, R. et al. Severe sleep apnea and risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly. Stroke 37, 2317–2321 (2006).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Munoz, R. et al. Central sleep apnea is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 126, 183–188 (2012).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

May, A. M. et al. Central sleep-disordered breathing predicts incident atrial fibrillation in older men. Am. J. Respiratory Crit. Care Med. 193, 783–791 (2016).

Article  Google Scholar 

Cho, E. R. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for silent cerebral infarction. J. Sleep. Res. 22, 452–458 (2013).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kwon, Y. et al. Association of sleep characteristics with atrial fibrillation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Thorax 70, 873–879 (2015).

Cadby, G. et al. Severity of OSA is an independent predictor of incident atrial fibrillation hospitalization in a large sleep-clinic cohort. Chest 148, 945–952 (2015).

Gami, A. S. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a longitudinal study of 10,701 adults. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 62, 610–616 (2013).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shah, N. A., Yaggi, H. K., Concato, J. & Mohsenin, V. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for coronary events or cardiovascular death. Sleep. Breath. = Schlaf Atm. 14, 131–136 (2010).

Article  Google Scholar 

Yaggi, H. K. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 2034–2041 (2005).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gami, A. S. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 49, 565–571 (2007).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kendzerska, T., Gershon, A. S., Hawker, G., Leung, R. S. & Tomlinson, G. Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a decade-long Historical Cohort Study. PLoS Med. 11, e1001599 (2014).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Selim, B. J. et al. The association between nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias and sleep-disordered breathing: The DREAM study. J. Clin. Sleep. Med. 12, 829–837 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roche, F. et al. Relationship among the severity of sleep apnea syndrome, cardiac arrhythmias, and autonomic imbalance. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiology: Pace. 26, 669–677 (2003).

Article  Google Scholar 

Sano, K. et al. Central sleep apnoea and inflammation are independently associated with arrhythmia in patients with heart failure. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 15, 1003–1010 (2013).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mooe, T., Franklin, K. A., Holmstrom, K., Rabben, T. & Wiklund, U. Sleep-disordered breathing and coronary artery disease: long-term prognosis. Am. J. Respiratory Crit. Care Med. 164, 1910–1913 (2001).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Leao, S. et al. Effect of obstructive sleep apnea in acute coronary syndrome. Am. J. Cardiol. 117, 1084–1087 (2016).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shah, R. V. et al. Obesity and sleep apnea are independently associated with adverse left ventricular remodeling and clinical outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation and preserved ventricular function. Am. Heart J. 167, 620–626 (2014).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ponsaing, L. B., Iversen, H. K. & Jennum, P. Polysomnographic indicators of mortality in stroke patients. Sleep. Breath. 21, 235–242 (2017).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee, C.-H. et al. Severe obstructive sleep apnea and outcomes following myocardial infarction. J. Clin. Sleep. Med.: JCSM: Off. Publ. Am. Acad. Sleep. Med. 7, 616–621 (2011).

Google Scholar 

Javaheri, S., Caref, E. B., Chen, E., Tong, K. B. & Abraham, W. T. Sleep apnea testing and outcomes in a large cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with newly diagnosed heart failure. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 183, 539–546 (2011).