Achkar T, Tarhini AA (2017) The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma. J Hematol Oncol 10(1):88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-017-0458-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ahn J, Xia T, Rabasa Capote A, Betancourt D, Barber GN (2018) Extrinsic phagocyte-dependent STING signaling dictates the immunogenicity of dying cells. Cancer Cell 33(5):862-873 e865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.027

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barker CA, Kim SK, Budhu S, Matsoukas K, Daniyan AF, D’Angelo SP (2018) Cytokine release syndrome after radiation therapy: case report and review of the literature. J Immunother Cancer 6(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40425-017-0311-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cai L, Du X, Zhang C, Yu S, Liu L, Zhao J et al (2021) Robust immune response stimulated by in situ injection of CpG/alphaOX40/cGAMP in alphaPD-1-resistant malignancy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-021-03095-z

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chatenoud L, Ferran C, Bach JF (1991) The anti-CD3-induced syndrome: a consequence of massive in vivo cell activation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 174:121–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50998-8_9

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen J, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Tang C, Zhang Y, Wei B et al (2020) Parenteral immunization with a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) adjuvanted Helicobacter pylori vaccine induces protective immunity against H. pylori infection in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 16(11):2849–2854. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1744364

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chiang CL, Benencia F, Coukos G (2010) Whole tumor antigen vaccines. Semin Immunol 22(3):132–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2010.02.004

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cicchelero L, de Rooster H, Sanders NN (2014) Various ways to improve whole cancer cell vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 13(6):721–735. https://doi.org/10.1586/14760584.2014.911093

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Conniot J, Scomparin A, Peres C, Yeini E, Pozzi S, Matos AI et al (2019) Immunization with mannosylated nanovaccines and inhibition of the immune-suppressing microenvironment sensitizes melanoma to immune checkpoint modulators. Nat Nanotechnol 14(9):891–901. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0512-0

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Del Bello A, Zakaroff AG, Meyer N, Delas A, Faguer S, Kamar N et al (2021) Cytokine storm induced by a PD1 inhibitor in a renal transplant patient. Am J Transplant 21(7):2616–2618. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16589

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dikov MM, Oyama T, Cheng P, Takahashi T, Takahashi K, Sepetavec T et al (2001) Vascular endothelial growth factor effects on nuclear factor-kappaB activation in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cancer Res 61(5):2015–2021

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dorostkar F, Arashkia A, Roohvand F, Shoja Z, Navari M, Shirazi MA, M., et al (2021) Co-administration of 2’3’-cGAMP STING activator and CpG-C adjuvants with a mutated form of HPV 16 E7 protein leads to tumor growth inhibition in the mouse model. Infect Agent Cancer 16(1):7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-021-00346-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fabian KP, Padget MR, Fujii R, Schlom J, Hodge JW (2021) Differential combination immunotherapy requirements for inflamed (warm) tumors versus T cell excluded (cool) tumors: engage, expand, enable, and evolve. J Immunother Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001691

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fajgenbaum DC, June CH (2020) Cytokine Storm. N Engl J Med 383(23):2255–2273. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2026131

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Freyer CW, Porter DL (2020) Cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity following CAR T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 146(5):940–948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.025

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galluzzi L, Buque A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G (2017) Immunogenic cell death in cancer and infectious disease. Nat Rev Immunol 17(2):97–111. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.107

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Warren S, Adjemian S, Agostinis P, Martinez AB et al (2020) Consensus guidelines for the definition, detection and interpretation of immunogenic cell death. J Immunother Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2019-000337

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hebb JPO, Mosley AR, Vences-Catalan F, Rajasekaran N, Rosen A, Ellmark P et al (2018) Administration of low-dose combination anti-CTLA4, anti-CD137, and anti-OX40 into murine tumor or proximal to the tumor draining lymph node induces systemic tumor regression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 67(1):47–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-017-2059-y

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iho S, Maeyama J, Suzuki F (2015) CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as mucosal adjuvants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 11(3):755–760. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2014.1004033

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ishikawa H, Barber GN (2008) STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling. Nature 455(7213):674–678. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07317

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ito H, Kanbe A, Hara A, Ishikawa T (2019) Induction of humoral and cellular immune response to HBV vaccine can be up-regulated by STING ligand. Virology 531:233–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.013

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jiang M, Chen P, Wang L, Li W, Chen B, Liu Y et al (2020) cGAS-STING, an important pathway in cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 13(1):81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-00916-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kawarada Y, Ganss R, Garbi N, Sacher T, Arnold B, Hämmerling GJ (2001) NK- and CD8+ T cell-mediated eradication of established tumors by peritumoral injection of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides. J Immunol 167(9):5247–5253. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.5247

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keenan BP, Jaffee EM (2012) Whole cell vaccines—past progress and future strategies. Semin Oncol 39(3):276–286. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.02.007

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Zitvogel L (2013) Immunogenic cell death in cancer therapy. Annu Rev Immunol 31:51–72. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-100008

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kumai T, Lee S, Cho HI, Sultan H, Kobayashi H, Harabuchi Y et al (2017) Optimization of peptide vaccines to induce robust antitumor CD4 T-cell responses. Cancer Immunol Res 5(1):72–83. https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-16-0194

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kunikata N, Sano K, Honda M, Ishii K, Matsunaga J, Okuyama R et al (2004) Peritumoral CpG oligodeoxynucleotide treatment inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 123(2):395–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23233.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li J, Li J, Aipire A, Luo J, Yuan P, Zhang F (2016a) The combination of Pleurotus ferulae water extract and CpG-ODN enhances the immune responses and antitumor efficacy of HPV peptides pulsed dendritic cell-based vaccine. Vaccine 34(31):3568–3575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.022

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li T, Cheng H, Yuan H, Xu Q, Shu C, Zhang Y et al (2016b) Antitumor Activity of cGAMP via Stimulation of cGAS-cGAMP-STING-IRF3 Mediated Innate Immune Response. Sci Rep 6:19049. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19049

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Linch SN, Kasiewicz MJ, McNamara MJ, Hilgart-Martiszus IF, Farhad M, Redmond WL (2016) Combination OX40 agonism/CTLA-4 blockade with HER2 vaccination reverses T-cell anergy and promotes survival in tumor-bearing mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(3):E319-327. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510518113

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Cao X (2016) Immunosuppressive cells in tumor immune escape and metastasis. J Mol Med (berl) 94(5):509–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-015-1376-x

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Loercher AE, Nash MA, Kavanagh JJ, Platsoucas CD, Freedman RS (1999) Identification of an IL-10-producing HLA-DR-negative monocyte subset in the malignant ascites of patients with ovarian carcinoma that inhibits cytokine protein expression and proliferation of autologous T cells. J Immunol 163(11):6251–6260

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lonsdorf AS, Kuekrek H, Stern BV, Boehm BO, Lehmann PV, Tary-Lehmann M (2003) Intratumor CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide injection induces protective antitumor T cell immunity. J Immunol 171(8):3941–3946. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.171.8.3941

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Makkouk A, Joshi VB, Lemke CD, Wongrakpanich A, Olivier AK, Blackwell SE et al (2015) Three steps to breaking immune tolerance to lymphoma: a microparticle approach. Cancer Immunol Res 3(4):389–398. https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-14-0173