Access, Equity, and Belonging Committee. (2020a). Committee purpose. https://access-equity-belonging.extension.org/

Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Razavieh, A., & Sorensen, C. (2006). Introduction to research in education (7th ed.). Thompson-Wadsworth.

Astroth, K. A. (2002, July). Western 4-H institute: Preparing the 4-H professional for success. Evaluation report I (ED469010). Education Resources Information Center. https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Astroth%2c+K.+A.+(2002).+Western+4H+Institute%3a+Preparing+the+4H+professional+for+success.+Evaluation+report+I.Retrieved+from+ERIC+database.+(ED+469+010).&id=ED469010

Astroth, K. (2007). Making the best better: 4-H staffing patterns and trends in the largest professional network in the nation. Journal of Youth Development, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2007.343

Astroth, K. A., & Lindstrom, J. (2008). Investing in professional development: Building and sustaining a viable 4-H youth workforce for the future. Journal of Youth Development, 3(2), https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2008.303

Benge, M., Harder, A., & Carter, H. (2011). Necessary pre-entry competencies as perceived by Florida Extension agents. Journal of Extension, 49(5), Article 5FEA2. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol49/iss5/3

Brookings. (2019, June 24). Less than half of US children under 15 are white, census shows. https://www.brookings.edu/research/less-than-half-of-us-children-under-15-are-white-census-shows/#:~:text=William%20H.,-Frey&text=For%20the%20first%20time%2C%20non,U.S.%20Census%20Bureau%20estimates%20show

Borich, G. D. (1980). A needs assessment model for conducting follow-up studies. Journal of Teacher Education, 31(3), 39–42. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/002248718003100310

Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555

Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2009). Internet, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The tailored design method (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Elliott-Engel, J., Amaral, J. R., Westfall-Rudd, D. M., & Rudd, R. D. (2020). Perspectives on LGBTQ+ inclusion and identity development from a College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. North American College and Teachers of Agriculture Journal, 64, 102–112. https://www.nactateachers.org/index.php/volume-64-2020/2987-perspectives-on-lgbtq-inclusion-and-identity-development-from-a-college-of-agriculture-and-life-sciences

Extension Committee on Organization and Policy. (2020). 2020–2021 Cooperative Extension section leadership. https://www.aplu.org/members/commissions/food-environment-and-renewable-resources/CFERR_Library/ecop-directory/file

Farrell, C. R., & Lee, B. A. (2011). Racial diversity and change in metropolitan neighborhoods. Social Science Research, 40(4), 1108–1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.04.003

Fehlis, C. P. (1992) Urban Extension programs. Journal of Extension, 30(2), Article 2FEA3. https://www.joe.org/joe/1992summer/a3.php

Fox, J. M., Ruemenapp, M. A., Proden, P., & Gaolach, B. (2017). A national framework for urban Extension. Journal of Extension, 55(5), Article 21. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol55/iss5/21

Garcia, M., Piña, M., & Dromgoole. D. (2017). Including at-risk populations in urban 4-H afterschool programs. Journal of Medical Diagnosis Methods, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9784.1000252

Global 4-H Network (2020). 4-H around the world. http://global-4-h-network.com/4h-global/

Graham, S., Munniksma, A., & Juvoen, J. (2014). Psychosocial benefits of cross ethnic friendships in urban middle schools. Child Development, 85(2), 469–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12159

Harder, A., & Narine, L. (2020). Personal health, role, and time management competency training needs of Florida Extension agents. Journal of Extension, 58(1). https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol58/iss1/19

Harder, A., Place, N. T., & Scheer, S. D. (2010). Towards a competency-based Extension education curriculum: A delphi study. Journal of Agricultural Education, 51(3), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2010.03044

Harder, A., & Wells, O. (2017). Tampa Bay Extension agents’ views of urban Extension: Philosophy and program strategies. Journal of Human Sciences and Extension, 5(2), 55–69. https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/709

Harriman, L. C., & Daugherty, R. A. (1992). Staffing Extension for the 21st century. Journal of Extension, 30(4), Article 4FUT1. https://archives.joe.org/joe/1992winter/fut1.php

Heck, K., Subramaniam, A., & Carlos, R. (2009). Use of the PRKC tool in assessment of staff development needs: Experiences from California. Journal of Extension, 47(5), Article v47-3a7. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol47/iss3/7

Howard, J., McCoy, T., & Wang, C. (2021). Nationwide perspectives and experiences of gay and bisexual male 4-H alums. Journal of Human Sciences and Extension, 9(3), 107–132. https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/1152

Howard, J., & Wahle, A. (2022). Reaching marginalized audiences through positive youth development programming: Challenges when influencing constituents do not agree that 4-H should be open to all. In N. I. Fields & T. J. Shaffer (Eds.), Grassroots engagement and social justice through Cooperative Extension (pp. 97–108). Michigan State University Press. https://doi.org/10.14321/j.ctv2nwq92p.9

Hutchins, G. K. (1990). Agent specialization and the 4-H PRK model. Journal of Extension, 28(4), Article 4FEA3. https://archives.joe.org/joe/1990winter/a3.php

Kerman, A., Williams, M. E., & Meunier, J. (2007). Perception versus reality. Journal of Health Psychology, 12(6), 871–882. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1359105307082449

Krofta, J., & Panshin, D. (1989). Big city imperative: Agenda for action. Journal of Extension, 27(3), Article 3FEA1. https://archives.joe.org/joe/1989fall/a1.php

Lindner, J. R., Murphy, T. H., & Briers, G. E. (2001). Handling nonresponse in social science research. Journal of Agricultural Education, 42(4), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2001.04043

Meissner, F., & Vertovec, S. (2015). Comparing super diversity. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38(4), 541–555. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.980295

National Extension Urban Task Force. (1996). Urban Extension: A national agenda. http://district4.extension.ifas.ufl.edu/UrbanExtension/PDF/Urban%20Extension,%20A%20National%20Agenda.pdf

National 4-H Council. (2018). 4-H pathways report. Extension Committee on Organization and Policy. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58e51ba6db29d619dcb73826/t/5e21e6567ecee047b5536076/1579279994567/4-H+Pathways+Report-PROOF6.pdf

National 4-H Council. (2019). National 4-H Council annual report. https://fourhstaging.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/National-4H-Council-2019-Annual-Report.pdf

National 4-H Council. (2020). What is 4-H? https://4-h.org/about/what-is-4-h/

National Institute of Food and Agriculture. (2017a). Growing together: 4-H professional, research, knowledge and competencies 2017. Retrieved from https://nifa.usda.gov/sites/default/files/resources/4-H%20PRKC%202017%20Guide.pdf

National Institute of Food and Agriculture. (2017b). Strategic plan: 4-H youth development a 2025 vision. https://nifa.usda.gov/sites/default/files/resources/National%204-H%20Strategic%20Plan%202017.pdf

Program Leaders Working Group. (2020). 4-H programming partnerships. https://nifa.usda.gov/sites/default/files/resource/4-H%20Programming%20Partnerships.pdf

Pruitt, N., & Hicks, L. (2022). Moving beyond the minimum standard: Nondiscrimination policy and procedures. In striving for grassroots engagement: Community education, social justice, cultural competence, and the role of Cooperative Extension. Michigan State University Press.

Rennekamp, R. A. (1987). The relationship between selected antecedent characteristics and the perceived educational needs of Extension agents with 4-H youth development responsibilities [Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University]. University Microfilms International. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=osu1487585645577237&disposition=inline

Rosenberg, G. N. (2015). The 4-H harvest: Sexuality and the state in rural America. University of Pennsylvania Press.

Sivo, S. A., Saunders, C., Chang, Q., & Jiang, J. J. (2006). How low should you go? Low response rates and the validity of inference in IS questionnaire research. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 7(6), 351–414. https://business.ucf.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2014/11/How-Low-Should-You-Go..Low-Response-Rates-and-the-Validity-of-Inference-in-IS-Questionnaire-Research.pdf

Soule, K. E. (2017). Creating inclusive youth programs for LGBTQ+ communities. Journal of Human Sciences and Extension, 5(2), 105–125. https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/c8fe6e_7797678bb8774b74ab884816fb073abc.pdf

Stark, C., Vettern, R., Gebeke, D., Lardy, G., & Eighmy, M. A. (2012). The 4-H youth development professionals workload relationship to job satisfaction. Journal of Youth Development, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2012.126

Stone, B., & Rennekamp, R. (2004). New foundations for the 4-H youth development profession: 4-H professional research, knowledge, and competencies study, 2004. Conducted in cooperation with the National 4-H Professional Development Task Force. National 4-H Headquarters, CSREES, USDA.

United States Department of Agriculture. (2010). USDA compliance review guide. https://nifa.usda.gov/civil-rights-compliance-program

Varrella, G. F., Luckey, B. P., Baca, J. S., & Peters, C. (2016). Growing our own: A longitudinal evaluation of a professional development program for early-career 4-H professionals. Journal of Extension, 54(5), Article 22. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol54/iss5/22

Webster, N., & Ingram, P. (2007). Exploring the challenges for extension educators working in urban communities. Journal of Extension, 45(3), Article 3IAW3. https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007june/iw3.php