*Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia;

†Centre for Quality Management of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia;

‡Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Study, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia; and

§Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia.

Correspondence: Mohd K. Mahadi, PhD, Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (e-mail: [email protected]).

This work received a Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) grant from the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (Ref: FRGS/1/2020/STG02/UKM/6), and the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) (Ref: CRP/MYS18-04_EC).

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

V. Sothivelr, data collection and writing; M. Y. Hasan, data collection and writing; S. M. Saffian, review and editing; S. Zainalabidin, review and editing; A. Ugusman, review and editing; M. K. Mahadi, writing, conceptualization, supervision, and funding acquisition. V. Sothivelr and M. Y. Hasan contributed equally to the data collection and writing work.