Hauser RA, et al. Differentiating tardive dyskinesia: a video-based review of antipsychotic-induced movement disorders in clinical practice. CNS Spectr. 2020; 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S109285292000200X 

Factor SA, et al. Recent developments in drug-induced movement disorders: a mixed picture. Lancet Neurol. 2019; 18: 880–890. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30152-8 

Caroff SN, Campbell EC. Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Syndromes: Implications for Contemporary Practice. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 2016; 39: 391–411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2016.04.003 

Carbon M, Hsieh C-H, Kane JM, Correll CU. Tardive Dyskinesia Prevalence in the Period of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Use: A Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2017; 78; e264–e278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.16r10832 

Correll CU, Leucht S, Kane JM. Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review of 1-year studies. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2004; 161: 414–425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.3.414 

Chouinard G, Chouinard V-A. Atypical antipsychotics: CATIE study, drug-induced movement disorder and resulting iatrogenic psychiatric-like symptoms, supersensitivity rebound psychosis and withdrawal discontinuation syndromes. Psychother. Psychosom. 2008; 77: 69–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000112883 

Maeda K, et al. Brexpiprazole I: in vitro and in vivo characterization of a novel serotonin-dopamine activity modulator. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2014; 350: 589–604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.213793 

Obara K, et al. Inhibition of Recombinant Human Acetylcholinesterase Activity by Antipsychotics. Pharmacology. 2019; 104: 43–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000500227 

Correll CU, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Brexpiprazole for the Treatment of Acute Schizophrenia: A 6-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2015; 172: 870–880. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14101275 

Kane JM, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled phase 3 trial of fixed-dose brexpiprazole for the treatment of adults with acute schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2015; 164: 127–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.038 

Ishigooka J, Iwashita S, Tadori Y. Long-term safety and effectiveness of brexpiprazole in Japanese patients with schizophrenia: A 52-week, open-label study. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2018; 72: 445–453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12654 

Thase ME, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Brexpiprazole 2 mg in Major Depressive Disorder: A Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study in Patients With Inadequate Response to Antidepressants. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2015; 76: 6108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14m09688 

Ishigooka J, Iwashita S, Tadori Y. Efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole for the treatment of acute schizophrenia in Japan: A 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2018; 72: 692–700. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12682 

Fleischhacker WW, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) as Maintenance Treatment in Adults with Schizophrenia: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016; 20: 11–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyw076 

Kishi T, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 4 and 2 mg/day brexpiprazole for acute schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2018; 14: 2519–2530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S176676 

Thase ME, et al. Adjunctive brexpiprazole 1 and 3 mg for patients with major depressive disorder following inadequate response to antidepressants: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind study. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2015; 76: 1232–1240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14m09689 

Malla A, et al. The effect of brexpiprazole in adult outpatients with early-episode schizophrenia: an exploratory study. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2016; 31: 307–314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000140 

Forbes A, et al. A Long-Term, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Brexpiprazole as Maintenance Treatment in Adults with Schizophrenia. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018; 21: 433–441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyy002 

Sharma VD, Gupta HV, Espay AJ. Copulatory Dyskinesia: Pathognomonic Manifestation of Tardive Dyskinesia. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 10: 56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/tohm.585 

Jackowiak EM, Chou KL. Severe parkinsonism caused by brexpiprazole: A case report. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 2019; 69: 138–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.11.013 

Sanagawa A, Shiraishi N, Sekiguchi F, Akechi T, Kimura K. Successful Use of Brexpiprazole for Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis Without Adverse Effects: A Case Report. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2019; 39: 685–687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000001127 

Citrome L, et al. The effect of brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) and aripiprazole in adult patients with acute schizophrenia: results from a randomized, exploratory study. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2016; 31: 192–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000123 

Correll CU, et al. Successful switching of patients with acute schizophrenia from another antipsychotic to brexpiprazole: comparison of clinicians’ choice of cross-titration schedules in a post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, maintenance treatment study. CNS Spectr. 2019; 24: 507–517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852918001086 

Kishi T, Ikuta T, Matsuda Y, Sakuma K, Iwata N. Aripiprazole vs. brexpiprazole for acute schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl.). 2020; 237: 1459–1470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05472-5 

Citrome L. Activating and Sedating Adverse Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: Absolute Risk Increase and Number Needed to Harm. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2017; 37: 138–147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000000665 

Citrome L. The ABC’s of dopamine receptor partial agonists – aripiprazole, brexpiprazole and cariprazine: the 15-min challenge to sort these agents out. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2015; 69: 1211–1220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12752 

Misiak B, Bieńkowski P, Samochowiec J. Cariprazine – a novel antipsychotic drug and its place in the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatr. Pol. 2018; 52: 971–981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/80710 

Carnicella S, et al. Implication of dopamine D3 receptor activation in the reversion of Parkinson’s disease-related motivational deficits. Transl. Psychiatry. 2014; 4: e401–e401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2014.43 

Citrome L. Cariprazine: chemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 2013; 9: 193–206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1517/17425255.2013.759211 

Durgam S, et al. Cariprazine in the treatment of schizophrenia: a proof-of-concept trial. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2016; 31: 61–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000110 

Durgam S, et al. An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of cariprazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a phase II, randomized clinical trial. Schizophr. Res. 2014; 152: 450–457. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.11.041 

Kane JM, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Cariprazine in Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia: Results From an International, Phase III Clinical Trial. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2015; 35: 367–373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000000346 

Németh G, et al. Cariprazine versus risperidone monotherapy for treatment of predominant negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. The Lancet. 2017; 389: 1103–1113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30060-0 

Ivanov SV, et al. Early Clinical Effects of Novel Partial D3/D2 Agonist Cariprazine in Schizophrenia Patients With Predominantly Negative Symptoms (Open-Label, Non-controlled Study). Front. Psychiatry. 2022; 12: 770592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.770592 

Durgam S, et al. Cariprazine in Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia: A Fixed-Dose, Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active-Controlled Trial. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2015; 76: 2310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.15m09997 

Nasrallah HA, et al. The safety and tolerability of cariprazine in long-term treatment of schizophrenia: a post hoc pooled analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2017; 17: 305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1459-z 

Kane JM, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Cariprazine in Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia: Results From an International, Phase III Clinical Trial. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2015; 35: 367–373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000000346 

Earley W, et al. Safety and tolerability of cariprazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a pooled analysis of four phase II/III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2017; 32: 319–328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000187 

Barabássy Á, et al. Safety and Tolerability of Cariprazine in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pooled Analysis of Eight Phase II/III Studies. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2021; 17: 957–970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S301225 

Szatmári B, et al. Cariprazine Safety in Adolescents and the Elderly: Analyses of Clinical Study Data. Front. Psychiatry. 2020; 11: 61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00061 

Durgam S, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Cariprazine in Inadequate Responders to Antidepressants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Adult Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2016; 77: 6112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.15m10070 

Durgam S, et al. The efficacy and tolerability of cariprazine in acute mania associated with bipolar I disorder: a phase II trial. Bipolar Disord. 2015; 17: 63–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12238 

Ketter TA, et al. The safety and tolerability of cariprazine in patients with manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder: A 16-week open-label study. J. Affect. Disord. 2018; 225: 350–356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.040 

Yatham LN, Vieta E, Earley W. Evaluation of cariprazine in the treatment of bipolar I and II depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2020; 35: 147–156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000307 

Earley W, et al. Tolerability of cariprazine in the treatment of acute bipolar I mania: A pooled post hoc analysis of 3 phase II/III studies. J. Affect. Disord. 2017; 215: 205–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.032 

Citrome L, et al. Cariprazine and akathisia, restlessness, and extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with bipolar depression. J. Affect. Disord. 2021; 288: 191–198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.076 

Lao KSJ, He Y, Wong ICK, Besag FMC, Chan EW. Tolerability and Safety Profile of Cariprazine in Treating Psychotic Disorders, Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. CNS Drugs. 2016; 30: 1043–1054. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-016-0382-z 

Kadakia A, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of atypical antipsychotics for acute bipolar depression: a network meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2021; 21: 249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03220-3 

Blair HA. Lumateperone: First Approval. Drugs. 2020; 80: 417–423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-020-01271-6 

Edinoff A, et al. Lumateperone for the Treatment of Schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 2020; 50: 32–59. 

Lieberman JA, et al. ITI-007 for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: A 4-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. Biol. Psychiatry. 2016; 79: 952–961. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.026 

Correll CU, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Lumateperone for Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020; 77: 349–358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4379 

Vanover K, et al. 30 Lumateperone (ITI-007) for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Overview of Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials and an Open-label Safety Switching Study. CNS Spectr. 2019; 24: 190–191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852919000245 

Kane JM, et al. Safety and tolerability of lumateperone for the treatment of schizophrenia: a pooled analysis of late-phase placebo- and active-controlled clinical trials. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2021; 36: 244–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000371 

Calabrese JR, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Lumateperone for Major Depressive Episodes Associated With Bipolar I or Bipolar II Disorder: A Phase 3 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2021; 178: 1098–1106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.20091339 

Corponi F, et al. Novel antipsychotics specificity profile: A clinically oriented review of lurasidone, brexpiprazole, cariprazine and lumateperone. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019; 29: 971–985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.06.008 

Ogasa M, Kimura T, Nakamura M, Guarino J. Lurasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia: a 6-week, placebo-controlled study. Psychopharmacology (Berl.). 2013; 225: 519–530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2838-2 

Nasrallah HA, et al. Lurasidone for the treatment of acutely psychotic patients with schizophrenia: A 6-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2013; 47: 670–677. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.01.020 

Stahl SM, et al. Effectiveness of Lurasidone for Patients With Schizophrenia Following 6 Weeks of Acute Treatment With Lurasidone, Olanzapine, or Placebo: A 6-Month, Open-Label, Extension Study. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2013; 74: 5562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12m08084 

Tandon R, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal study of lurasidone for the maintenance of efficacy in patients with schizophrenia. J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxf.). 2016; 30: 69–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881115620460 

Loebel A, et al. Lurasidone Monotherapy in the Treatment of Bipolar I Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2014; 171: 160–168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070984 

Loebel A, et al. Lurasidone as Adjunctive Therapy With Lithium or Valproate for the Treatment of Bipolar I Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2014; 171: 169–177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070985 

Suppes T, Kroger H, Pikalov A, Loebel A. Lurasidone adjunctive with lithium or valproate for bipolar depression: A placebo-controlled trial utilizing prospective and retrospective enrolment cohorts. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2016; 78: 86–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.03.012 

Suppes T, et al. Lurasidone for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder With Mixed Features: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2016; 173: 400–407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15060770 

Higuchi T, et al. Lurasidone in the long-term treatment of Japanese patients with bipolar I disorder: a 52 week open label study. Int. J. Bipolar Disord. 2021; 9: 25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-021-00230-8 

Citrome L, et al. Long-term safety and tolerability of lurasidone in schizophrenia: a 12-month, double-blind, active-controlled study. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012; 27: 165–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0b013e32835281ef 

Citrome L, et al. Effectiveness of lurasidone in schizophrenia or schizoaffective patients switched from other antipsychotics: a 6-month, open-label, extension study. CNS Spectr. 2014; 19: 330–339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S109285291300093X 

Kishi T, Nosaka T, Sakuma K, Okuya M, Iwata N. Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of lurasidone for acute schizophrenia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of phase 3 trials in Japan. Neuropsychopharmacol. Rep. 2020; 40: 314–322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/npr2.12131 

Ketter TA, et al. Lurasidone in the Long-Term Treatment of Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A 24-Week Open-Label Extension Study. Depress. Anxiety. 2016; 33: 424–434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22479 

Ishigooka J, et al. Lurasidone in the Long-Term Treatment of Bipolar I Depression: A 28-week Open Label Extension Study. J. Affect. Disord. 2021; 281: 160–167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.005 

Calabrese JR, et al. Lurasidone in combination with lithium or valproate for the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017; 27: 865–876. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.06.013 

Tripathi R, Reich SG, Scorr L, Guardiani E, Factor SA. Lurasidone-Induced Tardive Syndrome. Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract. 2019; 6: 601–604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12812 

Schultz J, Furnish K, El-Mallakh RS. Consumption of Aspartame Associated with Tardive Dyskinesia: New Observation. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2019; 39: 690–691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000001112 

Reichenberg JL, Ridout KK, Rickler KC. Lurasidone – Induced Rabbit Syndrome: A Case Report. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2017; 78: e553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.16cr11157 

Caffrey D, Sowden GL. A missed case of lurasidone induced laryngospasm: A case study and overview of extrapyramidal symptom identification and treatment. Int. J. Psychiatry Med. 2021; 56: 73–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217420943786 

Suthar N, Aneja J. Lurasidone-induced Parkinsonism and Hyperprolactinemia. Indian J. Psychol. Med. 2019; 41: 192–194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_274_18 

Meltzer HY, et al. Lurasidone in the Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Olanzapine-Controlled Study. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2011; 168: 957–967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10060907 

Loebel A, et al. Efficacy and safety of lurasidone 80mg/day and 160mg/day in the treatment of schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial. Schizophr. Res. 2013; 145: 101–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.01.009 

Loebel A, et al. Effectiveness of lurasidone vs. quetiapine XR for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: A 12-month, double-blind, noninferiority study. Schizophr. Res. 2013; 147: 95–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.013 

Kishi T, Yoshimura R, Sakuma K, Okuya M, Iwata N. Lurasidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine extended-release for bipolar depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of phase 3 trials in Japan. Neuropsychopharmacol. Rep. 2020; 40: 417–422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/npr2.12137 

Potkin SG, Ogasa M, Cucchiaro J, Loebel A. Double-blind comparison of the safety and efficacy of lurasidone and ziprasidone in clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Schizophr. Res. 2011; 132: 101–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.04.008 

Leucht S, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2013; 382: 951–962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60733-3 

Ostacher M, et al. Lurasidone compared to other atypical antipsychotic monotherapies for bipolar depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. World J. Biol. Psychiatry Off. J. World Fed. Soc. Biol. Psychiatry. 2018; 19: 586–601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2017.1285050 

Meltzer HY, et al. Pimavanserin, a selective serotonin (5-HT)2A-inverse agonist, enhances the efficacy and safety of risperidone, 2mg/day, but does not enhance efficacy of haloperidol, 2mg/day: Comparison with reference dose risperidone, 6mg/day. Schizophr. Res. 2012; 141: 144–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.07.029 

Vanover KE, et al. Pharmacological and Behavioral Profile of N-(4-Fluorophenylmethyl)-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-N′-(4-(2-methylpropyloxy)phenylmethyl) Carbamide (2R,3R)-Dihydroxybutanedioate (2:1) (ACP-103), a Novel 5-Hydroxytryptamine2A Receptor Inverse Agonist. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2006; 317: 910–918. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.105.097006 

Meltzer HY, et al. Pimavanserin, a Serotonin2A Receptor Inverse Agonist, for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010; 35: 881–892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2009.176 

Cummings J, et al. Pimavanserin for patients with Parkinson’s disease psychosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. The Lancet. 2014; 383: 533–540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62106-6 

Bugarski-Kirola D, et al. Pimavanserin for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: results from the ADVANCE phase 2 randomised, placebo-controlled trial in North America and Europe. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022; 9: 46–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00386-2 

ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc. A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Pimavanserin for the Treatment of Schizophrenia; 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT02970292 

ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc. A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pimavanserin as Adjunctive Treatment for the Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia; 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT02970305 

Lobo MC, Whitehurst TS, Kaar SJ, Howes OD. New and emerging treatments for schizophrenia: a narrative review of their pharmacology, efficacy and side effect profile relative to established antipsychotics. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2022; 132: 324–361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.032 

Monahan C, McCoy L, Powell J, Gums JG. Olanzapine/Samidorphan: New Drug Approved for Treating Bipolar I Disorder and Schizophrenia. Ann. Pharmacother; 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10600280211070330 

Potkin SG, et al. Efficacy and Safety of a Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan in Adult Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia: Outcomes From the Randomized, Phase 3 ENLIGHTEN-1 Study. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2020; 81: 5960. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.19m12769 

Correll CU, et al. Effects of Olanzapine Combined With Samidorphan on Weight Gain in Schizophrenia: A 24-Week Phase 3 Study. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2020; 177: 1168–1178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19121279 

Sun L, McDonnell D, von Moltke L. Pharmacokinetics and Short-term Safety of ALKS 3831, a Fixed-dose Combination of Olanzapine and Samidorphan, in Adult Subjects with Schizophrenia. Clin. Ther. 2018; 40: 1845–1854.e2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.09.002 

Martin WF, et al. Mitigation of Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain With Samidorphan, an Opioid Antagonist: A Randomized Double-Blind Phase 2 Study in Patients With Schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2019; 176: 457–467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18030280 

Brunette MF, et al. Olanzapine Plus Samidorphan (ALKS 3831) in Schizophrenia and Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder: A Phase 2, Randomized Clinical Trial. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2020; 81: 13176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.19m12786 

Yagoda S, et al. Long-term safety and durability of effect with a combination of olanzapine and samidorphan in patients with schizophrenia: results from a 1-year open-label extension study. CNS Spectr. 2021; 26: 383–392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852920001376 

Valenstein M, et al. Poor Antipsychotic Adherence Among Patients With Schizophrenia: Medication and Patient Factors. Schizophr. Bull. 2004; 30: 255–264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007076 

Park S-C, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of long-Acting injectable and oral second-generation antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci. 2018; 16: 361–375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2018.16.4.361 

Leucht C, et al. Oral versus depot antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia—A critical systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised long-term trials. Schizophr. Res. 2011; 127: 83–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.11.020 

Saucedo Uribe E, et al. Preliminary efficacy and tolerability profiles of first versus second-generation Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2020; 129: 222–233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.013 

Filts Y, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of once-monthly Risperidone ISM® in the treatment of schizophrenia: Results from a 12-month open-label extension study. Schizophr. Res. 2022; 239: 83–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2021.11.030 

Eerdekens M, Rasmussen M, Vermeulen A, Lowenthal R, Peer AV. 102. Kinetics and safety of a novel risperidone depot formulation. Biol. Psychiatry. 2000; 47: S31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00364-4 

Jarema M, Bieńkowski P, Heitzman J, Parnowski T, Rybakowski J. Paliperidone palmitate: effectiveness, safety, and the use for treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatr. Pol. 2017; 51: 7–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/64581 

Bobo WV, Shelton RC. Risperidone long-acting injectable (Risperdal Consta®) for maintenance treatment in patients with bipolar disorder. Expert Rev. Neurother. 2010; 10: 1637–1658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.10.143 

Carabias LA, et al. A phase II study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of Risperidone ISM multiple intramuscular injections once every 4 weeks in patients with schizophrenia. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2018; 33: 79–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000203 

Malempati RN, et al. Long-term efficacy of risperidone long-acting injectable in bipolar disorder with psychotic features: a prospective study of 3-year outcomes. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2011; 26: 146–150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0b013e328343ba60 

Kimura H, et al. Risperidone long-acting injectable in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia with dopamine supersensitivity psychosis: Results of a 2-year prospective study, including an additional 1-year follow-up. J. Psychopharmacol. (Oxf.). 2016; 30: 795–802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116655978 

Gharabawi GM, Bossie CA, Zhu Y, Mao L, Lasser RA. An assessment of emergent tardive dyskinesia and existing dyskinesia in patients receiving long-acting, injectable risperidone: results from a long-term study. Schizophr. Res. 2005; 77: 129–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2005.03.015 

Chung AKK. Atypical presentation of tardive dyskinesia associated with risperidone long-acting injection as maintenance treatment in bipolar affective disorder: a case report. Curr. Drug Saf. 2012; 7: 21–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/157488612800492807 

Ostuzzi G, Bighelli I, So R, Furukawa TA, Barbui C. Does formulation matter? A systematic review and meta-analysis of oral versus long-acting antipsychotic studies. Schizophr. Res. 2017; 183: 10–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.010 

Sampson S, Hosalli P, Furtado VA, Davis JM. Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2016; 4: CD004161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004161.pub2 

Nasrallah HA, et al. A Controlled, Evidence-Based Trial of Paliperidone Palmitate, A Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic, in Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010; 35: 2072–2082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2010.79 

Kramer M, et al. Paliperidone palmitate, a potential long-acting treatment for patients with schizophrenia. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010; 13: 635–647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145709990988 

Berwaerts J, et al. Efficacy and Safety of the 3-Month Formulation of Paliperidone Palmitate vs Placebo for Relapse Prevention of Schizophrenia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015; 72: 830–839. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0241 

Emsley R, Kilian S. Efficacy and safety profile of paliperidone palmitate injections in the management of patients with schizophrenia: an evidence-based review. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2018; 14: 205–223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S139633 

Zhao J, et al. Safety and efficacy of paliperidone palmitate 1-month formulation in Chinese patients with schizophrenia: a 25-week, open-label, multicenter, Phase IV study. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2017; 13: 2045–2056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S131224 

Gopal S, et al. Incidence and time course of extrapyramidal symptoms with oral and long-acting injectable paliperidone: a posthoc pooled analysis of seven randomized controlled studies. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2013; 9: 1381–1392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S49944 

Gopal S, et al. Incidence of tardive dyskinesia: a comparison of long-acting injectable and oral paliperidone clinical trial databases. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2014; 68: 1514–1522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12493 

Takada R, Yamamuro K, Kishimoto T. Long-lasting extrapyramidal symptoms after multiple injections of paliperidone palmitate to treat schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2018; 14: 2541–2544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S176478 

Ma C-H, Chien Y-L, Liu C-C, Chen I-M, Lin C-H. A case of tardive dystonia associated with long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016; 26: 1251–1252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.04.006 

Lally J, Byrne F, Walsh E. A case of paliperidone-palmitate-induced tardive dyskinesia. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry. 2013; 35: 213.e5–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.04.009 

Jang S, Woo J. Five Month-Persistent Extrapyramidal Symptoms following a Single Injection of Paliperidone Palmitate: A Case Report. Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci. Off. Sci. J. Korean Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017; 15: 288–291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2017.15.3.288 

Li H, Rui Q, Ning X, Xu H, Gu N. A comparative study of paliperidone palmitate and risperidone long-acting injectable therapy in schizophrenia. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2011; 35: 1002–1008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.02.001 

Pandina G, et al. A double-blind study of paliperidone palmitate and risperidone long-acting injectable in adults with schizophrenia. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2011; 35: 218–226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnp