Available online 15 March 2022, 101599
Highlights•The gut microbiota regulates the susceptibility to intestinal and extra intestinal diseases modulating host immunity and inflammation.
•Manipulation of the microbiota improve inflammation and disease outcome.
•The translational value of the microbiota is demonstrated by the efficacy of new microbiota-targeted therapies.
AbstractGut microbiota has been shown to systemically shape the immunological landscape, modulate homeostasis and play a role in both health and disease. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota promotes inflammation and contributes to the pathogenesis of several major disorders in gastrointestinal tract, metabolic, neurological and respiratory diseases. Much effort is now focused on understanding host-microbes interactions and new microbiota-targeted therapies are deeply investigated as a means to restore health or prevent disease.
This review details the immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota in health and disease and discusses the most recent strategies in manipulating individual patient’s microbiota for the management and prevention of inflammatory conditions.
AbbreviationsAADAntibiotic-associated diarrhea
AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AMPsAntimicrobial Peptides
ARTAntiretroviral Therapy
BSIBloodstream Infections
CADCoronary artery disease
CDIC. Difficile Infection
CNSCentral Nervous System
CTLACytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen
CVDCardiovascular disease
DSSDextran Sodium Sulfate
EAMexperimental autoimmune myocarditis
EAEExperimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
FMTFecal Microbiota Transplantation
FOSFructo-Oligosaccharides
GMMGenetically Modified Microorganisms
GVHDGraft versus Host Disease
HIVHuman Immunodeficiency Virus
HSCTHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
iNKTInvariant Natural Killet T Cells
LBPsLive Biotherapeutics Products
mLNsMesenteric Lymph Nodes
NF-KbNuclear Factor Kappa Light Chain Enhancer Of Activated B Cells
PD-1Programmed Cell Death Protein 1
PD-L1Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1
RCTsRandomized Clinical Trials
SCFAShort-Chain Fatty Acids
TMAOtrimethylamine-N-oxide TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor
KeywordsGut microbiome
Inflammation
Probiotics
FMT
Mucosal immunity
Live biotherapeutic products
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