The pro‐proliferative effect of insulin in human breast epithelial DMBA‐transformed and non‐transformed cell lines is PI3K‐, mTOR‐ and GLUT1‐dependent

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Figure S1. The effect of T2DM-associated characteristics on cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, viability and apoptosis in DMBA-transformed MFC12A (MCF-12ADMBA) and non-tumoral (MFC12A) cell lines.

Effects of TBH (2.5 μM), glucose (30 mM) leptin (500 ng/mL), TNF-α (100 ng/mL) or INF-γ (100 ng/mL) (24 hours) on (A) cell proliferation rates (n = 6-9), (B) cell migration (n = 6-9), (C) VEGF-A levels (n = 6), (D) cell viability (n = 6-9) and (E) apoptosis index (n = 6) in non-tumoral (MCF-12A) (left graphs) and DMBA-transformed MCF-12A cells (MCF-12ADMBA) (right graphs). Data show arithmetic means ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs control, by Student's t test.

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Figure S2. Time-course of 3H-DG and 3H-GLN uptake by DMBA-transformed MFC12A (MCF-12ADMBA) and non-tumoral (MFC12A) cell lines.

DMBA-transformed (MCF-12ADMBA) and non-tumoral (MCF-12A) cell lines were incubated for various periods of time at 37°C with (A) 10 nM 3H-DG (n = 8) or (B, C) 5 nM 3H-GLN (n = 4). 3H-GLN uptake was determined both in the presence of Na+ (total uptake) or absence of Na+ (Na+-independent uptake). Na+-dependent uptake was calculated by subtracting Na+-independent uptake from total uptake. Shown are arithmetic means ± SEM.

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Figure S3. The effect of T2DM-associated characteristics on 3H-DG and 3H-GLN uptake and lactate production in DMBA-transformed MFC12A (MCF-12ADMBA) and non-tumoral (MFC12A) cell lines.

Effect of TBH (2.5 μM), glucose (30 mM) leptin (500 ng/mL), TNF-α (100 ng/mL) or INF-γ (100 ng/mL) (24 hours) upon (A) uptake of 3H-DG 10 nM (n = 8-12) (B) lactate production (n = 4) and on (C) uptake of 3H-GLN 5 nM (n = 4) in DMBA-transformed (MCF-12ADMBA) (right graphs) and non-tumoral (MCF-12A) (left graphs) cell lines. 3H-GLN uptake was determined in the presence of Na+ (total uptake) or absence of Na+ (Na+-independent uptake). Na+-dependent uptake was calculated by subtracting Na+-independent uptake from total uptake. Data show arithmetic means ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001 vs control, by Student's t test.

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