1. Angst, F, Aeschlimann, A, Angst, J. The minimal clinically important difference raised the significance of outcome effects above the statistical level, with methodological implications for future studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017;82:128–136. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.11.016
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline2. Beck, EC, Nwachukwu, BU, Mehta, N, et al. Defining meaningful functional improvement on the visual analog scale for satisfaction at 2 years after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Arthroscopy. 2020;36(3):734–742.e2. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2019.09.028
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline3. Blonna, D, Bellato, E, Caranzano, F, et al. Validity and reliability of the SPORTS score for shoulder instability. Joints. 2014;2(2):59–65. doi:10.11138/jts/2014.2.2.059
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. Cole, BJ, L’insalata, J, Irrgang, J, Warner, JJP. Comparison of arthroscopic and open anterior shoulder stabilization: a two to six-year follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82(8):1108–1114. doi:10.2106/00004623-200008000-00007
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI5. Copay, AG, Subach, BR, Glassman, SD, Polly, DW, Schuler, TC. Understanding the minimum clinically important difference: a review of concepts and methods. Spine J. 2007;7(5):541–546. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2007.01.008
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI6. Crosby, RD, Kolotkin, RL, Williams, GR. Defining clinically meaningful change in health-related quality of life. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56(5):395–407. doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00044 -1
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI7. Cvetanovich, GL, Gowd, AK, Liu, JN, et al. Establishing clinically significant outcome after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019;28(5):939–948. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2018.10.013.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline8. Dawson, J, Fitzpatrick, R, Carr, A. The assessment of shoulder instability: the development and validation of a questionnaire. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81(3):420–426. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.81b3.9044
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline9. DeFroda, S, Bokshan, S, Stern, E, Sullivan, K, Owens, BD. Arthroscopic Bankart repair for the management of anterior shoulder instability: indications and outcomes. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2017;10(4):442–451. doi:10.1007/s12178-017-9435-2
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Diehr, P, Chen, L, Patrick, D, Feng, Z, Yasui, Y. Reliability, effect size, and responsiveness of health status measures in the design of randomized and cluster-randomized trials. Contemp Clin Trials. 2005;26(1):45–58. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2004.11.014
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI11. Escobar, A, García Pérez, L, Herrera-Espiñeira, C, et al. Total knee replacement: minimal clinically important differences and responders. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2013;21(12):2006–2012. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2013.09.009
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Farivar, SS, Liu, H, Hays, RD. Half standard deviation estimate of the minimally important difference in HRQOL scores? Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2004;4(5):515–523. doi:10.1586/14737167.4.5.515
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline13. Flinkkilä, T, Hyvönen, P, Ohtonen, P, Leppilahti, J. Arthroscopic Bankart repair: results and risk factors of recurrence of instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010;18(12):1752–1758. doi:10.1007/s00167-010-1105-5
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI14. Hao, Q, Devji, T, Zeraatkar, D, et al. Minimal important differences for improvement in shoulder condition patient-reported outcomes: a systematic review to inform a BMJ Rapid Recommendation. BMJ Open. 2019;9(2):e028777. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028777
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Jaeschke, R, Singer, J, Guyatt, GH. Measurement of health status: ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference. Control Clin Trials. 1989;10(4):407–415. doi:10.1016/0197-2456(89)90005-6
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline16. Jayadevappa, R, Malkowicz, SB, Wittink, M, Wein, AJ, Chhatre, S. Comparison of distribution- and anchor-based approaches to infer changes in health-related quality of life of prostate cancer survivors. Health Serv Res. 2012;47(5):1902–1925. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01395.x
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Jones, IA, Togashi, R, Heckmann, N, Vangsness, CT. Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for patient-reported shoulder outcomes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29(7):1484–1492. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2019.12.033
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Kazis, LE, Anderson, JJ, Meenan, RF. Effect sizes for interpreting changes in health status. Med Care. 1989;27(3):S178–S189. doi:10.1097/00005650-198903001-00015
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI19. Kohn, D, Geyer, M. The subjective shoulder rating system. Arch Orth Traum Surg. 1997;116(6):324. doi:10.1007/s004020050130
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. Lee, WC, Kwan, YH, Chong, HC, Yeo, SJ. The minimal clinically important difference for Knee Society Clinical Rating System after total knee arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25(11):3354–3359. doi:10.1007/s00167-016-4208-9
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline21. Leppink, J, O’Sullivan, P, Winston, K. Effect size—large, medium, and small. Perspect Med Educ. 2016;5(6):347–349. doi:10.1007/s40037-016-0308-y
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline22. Louwerens, JKG, van den Bekerom, MPJ, van Royen, BJ, Eygendaal, D, van Noort, A, Sierevelt, IN. Quantifying the minimal and substantial clinical benefit of the Constant-Murley score and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score in patients with calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff. JSES Int. 2020;4(3):606–611. doi:10.1016/j.jseint.2020.05.001
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline23. Malec, JF, Ketchum, JM. A standard method for determining the minimal clinically important difference for rehabilitation measures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(6):1090–1094. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2019.12.008
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline24. Moser, JS, Barker, KL, Doll, HA, Carr, AJ. Comparison of two patient-based outcome measures for shoulder instability after nonoperative treatment. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008;17(6):886–892. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2008.05.040
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. Page, P . Beyond statistical significance: clinical interpretation of rehabilitation research literature. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014;9(5):726–736.
Google Scholar | Medline26. Park, I, Lee, J-H, Hyun, H-S, Lee, T-K, Shin, S-J. Minimal clinically important differences in Rowe and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index scores after arthroscopic repair of anterior shoulder instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018;27(4):579–584. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2017.10.032
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Rai, SK, Yazdany, J, Fortin, PR, Aviña-Zubieta, JA. Approaches for estimating minimal clinically important differences in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:143. doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0658-6
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI28. Revicki, D, Hays, RD, Cella, D, Sloan, J. Recommended methods for determining responsiveness and minimally important differences for patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(2):102–109. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.03.012
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI29. Roy, J-S, MacDermid, JC, Woodhouse, LJ. Measuring shoulder function: a systematic review of four questionnaires. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61(5):623–632. doi:10.1002/art.24396
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Salaffi, F, Carotti, M, Gutierrez, M, Di Carlo, M, De Angelis, R. Patient acceptable symptom state in self-report questionnaires and composite clinical disease index for assessing rheumatoid arthritis activity: identification of cut-off points for routine care. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:930756. doi:10.1155/2015/930756
Google Scholar31. Salomonsson, B, Ahlström, S, Dalén, N, Lillkrona, U. The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI): validity, reliability, and responsiveness retested with a Swedish translation. Acta Orthop. 2009;80(2):233–238. doi:10.3109/17453670902930057
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI32. Samsa, G, Edelman, D, Rothman, ML, Williams, GR, Lipscomb, J, Matchar, D. Determining clinically important differences in health status measures: a general approach with illustration to the Health Utilities Index Mark II. Pharmacoeconomics. 1999;15(2):141–155. doi:10.2165/00019053-199915020-00003
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI33. Schünemann, HJ, Akl, EA, Guyatt, GH. Interpreting the results of patient reported outcome measures in clinical trials: the clinician’s perspective. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006;4:62. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-4-62
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI34. Shah, N, Nadiri, MN, Torrance, E, Funk, L. Arthroscopic repair of bony Bankart lesions in collision athletes. Shoulder Elbow. 2018;10(3):201–206. doi:10.1177/1758573217717102
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals35. Simovitch, R, Flurin, P-H, Wright, T, Zuckerman, JD, Roche, CP. Quantifying success after total shoulder arthroplasty: the minimal clinically important difference. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018;27(2):298–305. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2017.09.013
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline36. Skare, Ø, Liavaag, S, Reikerås, O, Mowinckel, P, Brox, JI. Evaluation of Oxford instability shoulder score, Western Ontario shoulder instability Index and Euroqol in patients with slap (superior labral anterior posterior) lesions or recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6(1):273. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-6-273
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline37. Skare, Ø, Mowinckel, P, Schrøder, CP, Liavaag, S, Reikerås, O, Brox, JI. Responsiveness of outcome measures in patients with superior labral anterior and posterior lesions. Shoulder Elbow. 2014;6(4):262–272. doi:10.1177/1758573214534650
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals38. Skare, Ø, Schrøder, CP, Mowinckel, P, Reikerås, O, Brox, JI. Reliability, agreement and validity of the 1988 version of the Rowe Score. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011;20(7):1041–1049. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2011.04.024
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI39. Tan, CK, Guisasola, I, Machani, B, et al. Arthroscopic stabilization of the shoulder: a prospective randomized study of absorbable versus nonabsorbable suture anchors. Arthroscopy. 2006;22(7):716–720. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2006.03.017
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI40. Tashjian, RZ, Deloach, J, Porucznik, CA, Powell, AP. Minimal clinically important differences (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) for visual analog scales (VAS) measuring pain in patients treated for rotator cuff disease. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009;18(6):927–932. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2009.03.021
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI41. Torrens, C, Guirro, P, Santana, F. The minimal clinically important difference for function and strength in patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(2):262–268. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2015.07.020
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline42. van der Linde, JA, van Kampen, DA, Terwee, CB, Dijksman, LM, Kleinjan, G, Willems, WJ. Long-term results after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization using suture anchors: an 8- to 10-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(11):2396–2403. doi:10.1177/0363546511415657
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI43. van der Linde, JA, van Kampen, DA, van Beers, LWAH, van Deurzen, DFP, Saris, DBF, Terwee, CB. The responsiveness and minimal important change of the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index and Oxford Shoulder Instability Score. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017;47(6):402–410. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6548
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline44. van der Linde, JA, van Kampen, DA, van Beers, LWAH, van Deurzen, DFP, Terwee, CB, Willems, WJ. The Oxford Shoulder Instability Score: validation in Dutch and first-time assessment of its smallest detectable change. J Orthop Surg Res. 2015;10(1):146. doi:10.1186/s13018-015-0286-5
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline45. White, AE, Patel, NK, Hadley, CJ, Dodson, CC. An algorithmic approach to the management of shoulder instability. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019;3(12):e1900168. doi:10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00168
Google Scholar46. Wright, A, Hannon, J, Hegedus, EJ, Kavchak, AE. Clinimetrics corner: a closer look at the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). J Man Manip Ther.