Background

Tooth autotransplantation is a valid method for replacing non-restorable teeth. This study aimed to assess mid-term survival and success of autotransplanted third molars and the clinical periodontal parameters and factors predicting successful periodontal attachment apparatus regeneration.

Methods

In total, 36 patients who had undergone extraction and subsequent autotransplantation of 36 third molars using virtual planning and computer-aided rapid prototyping models by an oral surgeon and endodontist were eligible. Probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (REC), clinical attachment level (CAL), pulpal and periapical healing, root resorption, and radiographic bone loss (RBL) were evaluated. Additionally, a questionnaire evaluated patient-reported outcomes.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 30.2 years with a mean follow-up duration of 29.42 ± 14.56 months. The overall survival and success rates were 97.2% and 91.7%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in success and survival rates between open and closed apex groups or between compromised and intact buccal bone groups. No signs of pulp necrosis were found in the open apex group. Progressive replacement resorption was detected in one closed apex case. The mean PPD was 2.7 ± 0.45 mm for all transplanted teeth. REC was 0.13 mm higher in transplanted teeth than in previous hopeless teeth. CAL changes were neither clinically relevant (−0.17 ± 0.66 mm) nor statistically significant. The reported patient satisfaction was high.

Conclusions

Autotransplantation of third molars is a predictable treatment method, with a 2.5-year cumulative tooth survival and success of 97.2% and 91.7%, respectively, which were not influenced by recipient site integrity or root development.