1. Epstein, LJ, Kristo, D, Strollo, PJ, et al. Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. J Clin Sleep Med 2009; 5: 263–276.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI2. Flenley, DC. Sleep in chronic obstructive lung disease. Clin Chest Med 1985; 6: 651–661.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI3. McNicholas, WT. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea: overlaps in pathophysiology, systemic inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180: 692–700.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. Ali Zohal, M, Yazdi, Z, Kazemifar, AM. Daytime sleepiness and quality of sleep in patients with COPD compared to control group. Glob J Health Sci 2013; 5: 150–155.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Mieczkowski, B, Ezzie, ME. Update on obstructive sleep apnea and its relation to COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9: 349–362.
Google Scholar | Medline6. Budin, CE, Maierean, AD, Ianosi, ES, et al . Nocturnal hypoxemia, a key parameter in overlap syndrome. Rev Chim 2019; 70: 449–454.
Google Scholar | Crossref7. McNicholas, WT. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnoea–the overlap syndrome. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8: 236–242.
Google Scholar | Medline8. Rabe, KF, Wedzicha, JA, Wouters, EF (eds). COPD and Comorbidity: European Respiratory Monograph. European Respiratory Society, 2013.
Google Scholar | Crossref9. Voulgaris, A, Archontogeorgis, K, Papanas, N, et al. Increased risk for cardiovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (overlap syndrome). Clin Respir J 2019; 13: 708–715.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Kendzerska, T, Leung, RS, Aaron, SD, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (overlap syndrome). Ann Am Thorac Soc 2019; 16: 71–81.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline11. Xie, J, Fan, Z, Yisilamu, P, et al. Hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension in patients with concomitant restrictive ventilatory defect and sleep apnea: the overlap syndrome. Sleep Breath 2021; 25: 1173–1179.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Kashyap, R, Hock, LM, Bowman, TJ. Higher prevalence of smoking in patients diagnosed as having obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2001; 5: 167–172.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline13. Hoflstein, V. Relationship between smoking and sleep apnea in clinic population. Sleep 2002; 25: 519–524.
Google Scholar | Medline14. Steveling, EH, Clarenbach, CF, Miedinger, D, et al. Predictors of the overlap syndrome and its association with comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 2014; 88: 451–457.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease . Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 2017 report. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, Inc., 2017.
Google Scholar16. Von Elm, E, Altman, DG, Egger, M, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147: 573–577.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI17. Calderon-Osuna, E, Carmona Bernal, C, Arenas Gordillo, M, et al. A comparative study of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Arch Bronconeumol 1999; 35: 539–543 [In Spanish, English abstract].
Google Scholar | Medline18. Resta, O, Foschino Barbaro, MP, Brindicci, C, et al. Hypercapnia in overlap syndrome: possible determinant factors. Sleep Breath 2002; 6: 11–18.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Gunduz, C, Basoglu, OK, Tasbakan, MS. Prevalence of overlap syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients without sleep apnea symptoms. Clin Respir J 2018; 12: 105–112.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. Angus, RM, Ahmed, AA, Fenwick, LJ, et al. Comparison of the acute effects on gas exchange of nasal ventilation and doxapram in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1996; 51: 1048–1050.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline21. Bott, J, Carroll, MP, Conway, JH, et al. Randomized controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease. Lancet 1993; 341: 1555–1557.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI22. Brochard, L, Mancebo, J, Wysocki, M, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 817–822.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI23. Celikel, T, Sungur, M, Ceyhan, B, et al. Comparison of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation with standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure. Chest 1998; 114: 1636–1642.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline24. Kramer, N, Meyer, TJ, Meharg, J, et al. Randomized, prospective trial of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 1799–1806.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI25. Caples, SM, Gami, AS, Somers, VK. Obstructive sleep apnea. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 187–197.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI26. Krachman, SL, Tiwari, R, Vega, ME, et al. Effect of emphysema severity on the apnea-hypopnea index in smokers with obstructive sleep apnea. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13: 1129–1135.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Earing, C, Owen, J, Griffith-Mcgeever, C, et al. An act of balance: interaction of central and peripheral chemosensitivity with inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in obstructive sleep apnoea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 266: 73–81.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline