Purpose

Despite the implementation of professionalism curricula and standardized communication tools, inter-physician conflict persists. In particular, the interface between emergency medicine (EM) and internal medicine (IM) has long been recognized as a source of conflict. The social nuances of this conflict remain underexplored, limiting educators’ ability to comprehensively address these issues in the clinical learning environment. Thus, the authors explored EM and IM physicians' experiences with negotiating hospital admission to better understand the social dynamics that contribute to inter-physician conflict and provide foundational guidance for communication best practices.

Methods

Using a constructivist grounded theory (CGT) approach, the authors conducted 18 semi-structured interviews between June and October 2020 with EM and IM physicians who have been involved in conversations regarding admissions (CRA). They asked participants to describe the social dynamics that influenced these conversations and to reflect on their experience with inter-physician conflict. Data collection and analysis occurred iteratively. The relationships between the codes were discussed by the research team with the goal of developing conceptual connections between the emergent themes.

Results

Participants described how their approaches to CRAs were shaped by their specialty identity, and how allegiance to members of their group contributed to interpersonal conflict. This conflict was further promoted by a mutual sense of disempowerment within the organization, misaligned expectations, and a desire to promote their group’s prerogatives. Conflict was mitigated when patient care experiences fostered cross-specialty team formation and collaboration that dissolved traditional group boundaries.

Conclusions

Conflict between EM and IM physicians during CRAs was primed by participants’ specialty identities, their power struggles within the broader organization, and their sense of duty to their own specialty. However, formation of collaborative inter-specialty physician teams and expansion of identity to include colleagues from other specialties can mitigate inter-conflict.