1Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

2Johns Hopkins Center for Vascular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

3Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA

4Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia

5St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of NSW, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia

6Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

Elizabeth V Ratchford, Johns Hopkins Center for Vascular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205-2105, USA. Email: [email protected]