1. Ayubi, NNM . Bureaucratic inflation and administrative inefficiency: the deadlock in Egyptian administration. Middle East Stud. 1982;18(3):286–299. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4282894
Google Scholar | Crossref2. Hattke, F, Hensel, D, Kalucza, J. Emotional response to bureaucratic red tape. Public Adm Rev. 2020;80(1):53–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/pura.13116
Google Scholar | Crossref3. Peeters, R, Jiménez, HT, O’Conner, E, Rojas, PO, Galindo, MG, Tenorio, DM. Low-trust bureaucracy: understanding the Mexican bureaucratic experience. Public Adm Dev. 2018;38(1):65–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1824
Google Scholar | Crossref4. Huque, AS, Rahman, MT. From domination to alliance: shifting strategies and accumulation of power by the bureaucracy in Bangladesh. Public Organization Review. 2003;3(4):403–418. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PORJ.0000004817.33343.a5
Google Scholar | Crossref5. Peters, BG . Still the century of bureaucracy? The roles of public servants. Public Policy and Administration (VIEŠOJI POLITIKA IR ADMINISTRAVIMAS). 2009;30:7–21.
Google Scholar6. Hupe, P . Contextualizing government in action. In: Hupe, P , ed. Research Handbook on Street-Level Bureaucracy: The Ground Floor of Government Context. Edward Elgar; 2019:2–14.
Google Scholar | Crossref7. Lipsky, M . Street-level bureaucracy and the analysis of urban forum. Urban Aff Q. 1971;6(4):391–409. https://doi.org/10.1177/107808747100600401
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals8. Brodkin, EZ . Accountability in street-level organizations. International Journal of Public Administration. 2008;31(3):317–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690701590587
Google Scholar | Crossref9. Brodkin, EZ . Reflections on street-level bureaucracy: past, present and future. Public Adm Rev. 2012;72(6):940–949. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02657.x
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI10. Gassner, D, Gofen, A. Street-level management: a clientele-agent perspective on implementation. J Public Adm Res Theory. 2018;28(4):551–568. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muy051
Google Scholar | Crossref11. Lipsky, M . Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public service. Russell Sage Foundation; 1980.
Google Scholar12. Cohen, N, Hertz, U. Street-level bureaucrats’ social value orientation on and off duty. Public Adm Rev. 2020;80(3):442–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13190
Google Scholar | Crossref13. Maynard-Moody, S, Musheno, M. Social equities and inequities in practice: street-level workers as agents and pragmatists. Public Adm Rev. 2012;72:s16–s23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02633.x
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI14. Schuster, M, Weitzman, L, Mikkelsen, KS, et al. Responding to COVID-19 through surveys of public servants. Public Adm Rev. 2020;80(5):792–796. https://doi.org/10.1111/pura.13246
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Yin, RK . Case study research design and methods. 3rd edn. Sage; 2003;79.
Google Scholar16. Schramm, W . Notes on case studies of instructional media projects. Working paper for the Academy of Educational Development. 1971. Washington, DC. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED092145
Google Scholar17. Gericke, CA, Britain, K, Elmahdawy, M, Elsisi, G. Health system in Egypt. In: van Ginneken, E, Busse, R, eds. Health care systems and policies. Springer; 2018:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6419-8_7-2
Google Scholar | Crossref18. Osman, FA, Bennett, S. Political economy and quality of primary health service in rural Bangladesh and the United States of America: a comparative analysis. J Int Dev. 2018;30(5):818–836. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3343
Google Scholar | Crossref19. Hassan, MK, Sarker, AE. Managerial innovations in the Egyptian health sector: an empirical investigation. International Journal of Public Administration. 2012;35(11):760–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2012.684142
Google Scholar | Crossref20. Osman, FA . Health policy, programmes and systems in Bangladesh: achievements and challenges. South Asian Survey. 2008;15(2):263–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/097152310801500206
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals21. The Africa Report . Egypt's doctors arrested during COVID after criticising government. 2020; December 2. Available online at https://www.theafricareport.com/52798/egypts-doctors-arrested-during-covid-after-criticising-government/, accessed October 30, 2021.
Google Scholar22. Mandel, DR, Litt, A. The ultimate sacrifice: perceived peer honor predicts troops’ willingness to risk their lives. Group Process Intergroup Relat. 2013;16(3):375–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430212461961
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI23. Cohen, N, Golan-Nadir, N. Why do street-level bureaucrats risk themselves for others? The case of Israeli police officers. Australian Journal of Public Administration. 2020:480–494. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12417
Google Scholar | Crossref24. Erasmus, E . The use of street-level bureaucracy theory in health policy analysis in low-and middle-income countries: a meta-ethnographic synthesis. Health Policy Plan. 2014;29:iii70–iii78. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czu112
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. Finlay, S, Sandall, J. “Someone's rooting for you”: continuity, advocacy and street-level bureaucracy in UK maternal healthcare. Soc Sci Med. 2009;69:1228–1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.029
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Bekkers, R, Wiepking, P. A literature review of empirical studies of philanthropy: eight mechanisms that drives charitable giving. Nonprofit Volunt Sect Q. 2011;40(5):924–973. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764010380927
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI27. Ahmed, Y, Ramadan, R, Sakr, MF. Equity of health care financing: a progressivity analysis for Egypt. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 2021;3(1):3–24. https://doi.org/10.1018/JHASS-08-2019-0040
Google Scholar28. Alam, A . Patient, doctors, nurses ratio: Bangladesh lags far behind its neighbours. Dhaka Tribune. 2019, July 21; retrieved from https://www.dhakatribune.com/health/2019/07/21/patient-doctors-nurses-ratio-bangladesh-lags-far-behind-its-neighbours.
Google Scholar29. Fahim, SM, Bhuayan, TA, Hassan, MZ, et al. Financing healthcare in Bangladesh: policy responses and challenges towards achieving health coverage. International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2019;34(1):e11–e20. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2666
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Statista . Health expenditure as a share of gross domestic product in Bangladesh from 2007 to 2016. 2020; retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/780494/health-expenditure-share-of-gdpbangladesh/#:∼:text=In%202016%2C%20health%20expenditure%20in,percent%20of%20the%20country's%20GDP.
Google Scholar31. WHO . WHO data (for Bangladesh and Egypt on health expenditure). 2020; retrieved from https://www.who.int/hac/network/who/co_bangladesh/en/; https://www.who.int/countries/egy/en/
Google Scholar32. World Bank . Work Bank data (for Bangladesh and Egypt on total population, hospital beds and number of physicians). 2020; retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/country/BD; https://data.worldbank.org/country/egypt-arab-rep.
Google Scholar33. Waldometers . https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries. 2021; September 28.
Google Scholar34. Ahram Online . 600 Egyptian doctors dead since start of the pandemic. 2021; September 26; retrieved from https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/423827/Egypt/-Egyptian-doctors-dead-since-start-of-the-pandemic.aspx.
Google Scholar35. Dhaka Tribune . Over 180 doctors killed due to coronavirus in Bangladesh. 2021; August 28, retrieved from https://www.dhakatribune.com/health/coronavirus/2021/08/28/over-180-doctors-killed-due-to-coronavirus-in-bangladesh.
Google Scholar36. Egyptian Streets . Egypt's medical syndicate slam PM's statement ‘blaming’ doctors for COVID-19 deaths. 2020; June 24, retrieved from https://egyptianstreets.com/2020/06/24/egypts-medical-syndicate-slams-pms-statement-blaming-doctors-for-covid-19-deaths/.
Google Scholar37. Lavee, E . Who is in charge? The provision of informal personal resources at the street level. J Public Adm Res Theory. 2021;31(1):4–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaa025
Google Scholar | Crossref38. Zacka, B . When the state meets the street: Public service and moral agency. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2017.
Google Scholar | Crossref