Copy number variation characterization and possible candidate genes in miscarriage and stillbirth by next‐generation sequencing analysis
1
30
29
Chr18 5.06 Mb del (VOUS)
0–5,060,000
Multiple fetal malformations, ventricular septal defect, left renal polycystic dysplasia
Chr20 13.66 Mb dup (VOUS)
0–13,660,000
ChrX 0.42 Mb del
30,900,000–31,320,000
DMD (XL), BMD (XL)
2
25
19+6
Chr8p 23.18 Mb del
100,000–23,180,000
GATA4 (AD)
Missed abortion
Chr8q 76.86 Mb dup (VOUS)
69,500,000–146,360,000
3
33
10
Chr4p16.3-p15.1 32.88 Mb del
100,000–32,880,000
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
Fetal arrest
4
27
9
Chr15q26.1-q26.3 11.32 Mb del
91,200,000–102,520,000
Missed abortion
5
25
6+5
Chr8p23.3-p22 18.22 Mb del
100,000–18,220,000
GATA4 (AD)
Missed abortion
6
29
10
Chr2p24.3 0.8 Mb dup
13,520,000–14,320,000
•
Missed abortion
7
28
8
Chr8q24.23-qter 28.56 Mb dup
100,000–28,660,000
PUF60 (AD), TRAPPC9 (AR)
Chr13 q13.3-q14.11 7.82 Mb del
36,180,000–44,000,000
MADH9 (AD)
Fetal arrest
Chr13 q22.3-q33.1 25.06 Mb dup
77,800,000–102,860,000
MIR17HG (AD), SLITRK6 (AR)
Chr13 q34 4.52 Mb dup
110,640,000–115,160,000
COL4A2 (AD)
8
27
13
Chr1 q24.3 0.26 Mb dup (VOUS)
171,720,000–171,980,000
Fetal edema syndrome with neck lymphatic hydrocystic tumor formation
Chr6 p21.2 0.42 Mb dup
41,840,000–42,260,000
GUCA1A (AD), GUCA1B (AD)
9
29
23+4
Chr2pterp25.3 3.38 Mb del
20,000–3,400,000
MYT1L (AD)
Multiple fetal malformations, abnormal cerebellar vermis development, ventricular septal defect, femur length smaller than gestational age, NT thickening
Chr3qter 68.92 Mb dup (VOUS)
129,100,000–198,020,000
10
34
14+2
Chr8pterq11.23 53.9 Mb dup
100,000–54,000,000
Trisomy 8p syndrome
•Multiple fetal malformations, left heart dysplasia, cleft palate, single umbilical artery, Tang sieving 21 critical risk 1/20
Chr21q11.2-q21.2 9.6 Mb del
15,040,000–24,640,000
TMPRSS15 (AR), LIPI (AD)
11
35
39+6
Chr2pterp25.3 3.34 Mb del
MYT1L (AD)
Stillbirth
Chr3q21.3qter 69.02 Mb dup
3q29 microduplication syndrome
12
25
16
Chr15q11.2 0.34 Mb del
15q11.2 microdeletion syndrome; TUBGCP2 (AR), NIPA1 (AD), NIPA2 (AD), CYFIP1 (AD)
Missed abortion
Chr17q22 0.48 Mb dup (VOUS)
ANKFN1, PCTP
13
28
7
Chr1q41qter 26.2 Mb dup
223,000,000–249,200,000
Trisomy 1q syndrome, CFAP298 (AR), CLDN14 (AR), SYNJ1 (AR), DONSON (AR), HLCS (AR), IFNAR2 (AR), IFNGR2 (AR), IL10RB (AR), JAM2 (AR), KCNE1 (AD,AR), TMPRSS15 (AR), PIGP (AR), KCNE2 (AD), KCNJ6 (AD), MRAP (AR), NRIP1 (AD), RUNX1 (AD), SOD1 (AR), SON (AD), APP (AD), DYRK1A (AD)
Fetal arrest
Chr21q11.2q22.2 25.36 Mb dup
14,600,000–39,960,000
14
42
7
Chr8q24.12 0.46 Mb dup
120,720,000–121,180,000
TAF2 (AR)
Missed abortion
15
29
5
Chr5pterp14.1 28.06 Mb del
20,000–28,080,000
Cri du chat syndrome
Missed abortion
16
25
34+1
Chr5q23.3 0.60 Mb dup (VOUS)
127,660,000–128,260,000
FBN2 (AD)
Stillbirth
Chr17p12 1.52 Mb del
14,100,000–15,620,000
PMP22 (AD)
17
26
9+5
Chr9q34.2qter 4.78 Mb dup;
136,240,000–141,020,000
ABCA2 (AR), ADAMTS13 (AR), ADAMTSL2 (AR), AGPAT2 (AR), TPRN (AR), CACNA1B (AR), CARD9 (AR), DBH (AR), INPP5E (AR), LHX3 (AR), MAN1B1 (AR), MRPS2 (AR), MYMK (AR), PMPCA (AR), SARDH (AR), GRIN1 (AD,AR), SOHLH1 (AD,AR), TUBB4B (AD), NSMF (AD), EHMT1 (AD), COL5A1 (AD), KCNT1 (AD), NOTCH1 (AD)
Missed abortion
ChrXp22.33p11.22 49.38 Mb del
2,720,000–52,100,000
Turner syndrome; X-linked ichthyosis (XL)
18
26
7
Chr7p22.3 1.86 Mb del
60,000–1,920,000
AHR (AR), AQP1 (AR), CRPPA (AR), DNAH11 (AR), FAM126A (AR), SNX10 (AR), FKBP14 (AR), GHRHR (AR), GPNMB (AR), HOXA1 (AR), HOXA13 (AD), HOXA2 (AD,AR), IL6 (AD), KLHL7 (AD,AR), PDE1C (AD), PPP1R17 (AD), TWIST1 (AD), CYCS (AD), GARS1 (AD), GSDME (AD), HNRNPA2B1 (AD), HOXA11 (AD), MAD1L1 (AD), FAM20C (AR), HEATR2 (AD), ACTB (AD), AIMP2 (AR), AP5Z1 (AR), BRAT1 (AR), CARD11 (AD,AR), EIF2AK1 (AD), IQCE (AR), KDELR2 (AR), LFNG (AR), MAD1L1 (AD), MRM2 (AR), PMS2 (AD,AR), RAC1 (AD), RNF216 (AR), TMEM106B (AD), WIPI2 (AR)
Missed abortion
Chr7p22.3p21.3 11.06 Mb dup
2,000,000–13,060,000
Chr7p21.3p14.3 18.82 Mb dup
13,080,000–31,900,000
19
32
13
Chr1p36.33p34.1 43.62 Mb dup
780,000–44,400,000
Chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome
Missed abortion
20
27
16+5
Chr4q32.3q34.3 13.58 Mb del
166,420,000–180,000,000
AGA (AR), HPGD (AR), NEK1 (AD), PALLD (AD), TLL1 (AD), VEGFC (AD)
Fetal arrest
21
31
7
Chr8p22 0.44 Mb del
15,860,000–16,300,000
MSR1 (AD)
Missed abortion
22
30
9+2
Chr14q24.3qter 29.78 Mb del
77,500,000–107,280,000
Distal monosomy 14q
Missed abortion
23
27
5
Chr7p12.2qter 109.68 Mb del
49,440,000–159,120,000
Partial monosomy 7p
Missed abortion
Chr13q21.33qter 42.60 Mb del
72,500,000–115,100,000
Distal monosomy 13q
24
28
11+5
Chr4q32.1q35.2 31.18 Mb dup
157,960,000–189,140,000
Distal trisomy 4q
Missed abortion
Chr11 q23.3qter 16.94 Mb dup
118,000,000–134,940,000
Distal trisomy 11q
25
27
12
Chr9p13.3 5.82 Mb dup
280,000–6,100,000
19p13.3 microduplication syndrome
Missed abortion
26
24
28
Chr16p11.2 0.56 Mb del
29,640,000–30,200,000
16p11.2 deletion syndrome (AD)
Fetal ultrasound showed fetal thoracic vertebral abnormality
27
27
24
Chr22q11.21 2.56 Mb del
18,900,000–21,460,000
Velocardiofacial syndrome; DiGeorge syndrome (AD)
Fetal ultrasound demonstrated a ventricular septal defect and right aortic arch
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