Funding: This study was supported by a grant from the Regional Research Committee of Kaiser Permanente Southern California, RRC grant number: KP-RRC-2019006.

Author Attestations:

1. Author: Jammie T. Ferrara, MD

• Title: Partner, Southern California Permanente Medical Group

• Affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California USA

• Email: [email protected]

• Conflicts of Interest/ Disclosures: None

• Contribution: The author conducted background research, conducted the study and co-wrote the manuscript.

2. Author: Gabriella M. Tehrany, DDS, MD, FACS

• Title: Partner, Southern California Permanente Medical Group

• Affiliation: Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California USA

• Email: [email protected]

• Conflicts of Interest/ Disclosures: None

• Contribution: The author conducted background research, conducted the study and co-wrote the manuscript.

3. Author: Qiaoling Chen

• Title: Biostatistician

• Affiliation: Dept. of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, California USA

• Email: [email protected]

• Conflicts of Interest/Disclosures: None

• Contribution: The author performed statistical analysis of data, data interpretation and co-wrote the manuscript.

4. Author: Justin Sheinbaum, DMD, MD

• Title: Resident Physician

• Affiliation: Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California USA

• Email: [email protected]

• Conflicts of Interest/Disclosures: None

• Contribution: The author conducted performed background research, performed data interpretation and co-wrote the manuscript.

5. Author: Janet Mora Marquez

• Title: Biostatistician

• Affiliation: Dept. of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, California USA

• Email: [email protected]

• Conflicts of Interest/Disclosures: None

• Contribution: The author conducted performed statistical analysis of data, data interpretation and co-wrote the manuscript.

6. Author: Antonio Hernandez Conte, MD, MBA, FASA

• Title: Partner, Southern California Permanente Medical Group

• Affiliation: Dept. of Anesthesiology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California USA

• Email: [email protected]

• Conflicts of Interest/ Disclosures: None

• Contribution: The author conducted background research, conducted the study and co-wrote the manuscript.

7. Author: Andrew G. Rudikoff, MD

• Title: Partner, Southern California Permanente Medical Group

• Affiliation: Dept. of Anesthesiology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California USA

• Email: [email protected]

• Conflicts of Interest/Disclosures: None

• Contribution: The author conducted background research, conducted the study and co-wrote the manuscript.