IgA Nephropathy presenting as macroscopic hematuria in 2 pediatric patients after receiving the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine

Several of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines use a nucleoside-modified, purified mRNA lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated platform. Compared with traditional inactivated viral and adjuvanted protein vaccines, this RNA platform elicits far higher neutralizing antibody titers, stronger antigen-specific cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, and stronger germinal center B and TFH cell activation in experimental animals.1 The activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produce several proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α.

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