This work was supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation under its Translational and Clinical Research (TCR) Flagship Programme and administered by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore- NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008; NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014. Additional funding is provided by Singapore Ministry of Education (Academic research fund tier 1; NUHSRO/2017/052/T1-SRP-Partnership/01); and NUS Institute of Data Science, Singapore.

Consent has been provided for descriptions of specific patient information.

Dr. Qiu served as the statistical expert for this research.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: Qiu

Data curation: Zhang, Broekman

Formal analysis: Wei, Zhang

Funding acquisition: Chong, Shek, Yap, Tan, Gluckman, Meaney, Fortier, Qiu

Investigation: Qiu

Methodology: Wei, Qiu

Project administration: Shek, Yap, Tan, Fortier

Software: Zhang, Qiu

Supervision: Qiu

Visualization: Wei

Writing – original draft: Wei, Qiu

Writing – review and editing: Zhang, Broekman, Chong, Meaney

Disclosure: Drs. Wei, Zhang, Broekman, Chong, Shek, Yap, Tan, Gluckman, Meaney, Fortier, and Qiu have reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.