Andersson H, Hellstrom PM, Frykholm P (2018) Introducing the 6-4-0 fasting regimen and the incidence of prolonged preoperative fasting in children. Paediatr Anaesth 28:46–52
Dennhardt N, Beck C, Huber D, Sander B, Boehne M, Boethig D, Leffler A, Sumpelmann R (2016) Optimized preoperative fasting times decrease ketone body concentration and stabilize mean arterial blood pressure during induction of anesthesia in children younger than 36 months: a prospective observational cohort study. Paediatr Anaesth 26:838–843
Disma N, Frykholm P (2024) Clear rules for clear fluids fasting in children. Br J Anaesth 132:18–20
Frykholm P, Disma N, Andersson H, Beck C, Bouvet L, Cercueil E, Elliott E, Hofmann J, Isserman R, Klaucane A, Kuhn F, de Queiroz SM, Rosen D, Rudolph D, Schmidt AR, Schmitz A, Stocki D, Sumpelmann R, Stricker PA, Thomas M, Veyckemans F, Afshari A (2022) Pre-operative fasting in children: A guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. Eur J Anaesthesiol 39:4–25
Thomas M, Engelhardt T (2017) Think drink! Current fasting guidelines are outdated. Br J Anaesth 118:291–293
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Okabe T, Terashima H, Sakamoto A (2015) Determinants of liquid gastric emptying: comparisons between milk and isocalorically adjusted clear fluids. Br J Anaesth 114:77–82
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Frykholm P, Schindler E, Sumpelmann R, Walker R, Weiss M (2018) Preoperative fasting in children: review of existing guidelines and recent developments. Br J Anaesth 120:469–474
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sumpelmann AE, Sumpelmann R, Lorenz M, Eberwien I, Dennhardt N, Boethig D, Russo SG (2017) Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying after breakfast in healthy preschool children. Paediatr Anaesth 27:816–820
Andersson H, Frykholm P (2019) Gastric content assessed with gastric ultrasound in paediatric patients prescribed a light breakfast prior to general anaesthesia: A prospective observational study. Paediatr Anaesth 29:1173–1178
van Eijnatten EJM, Camps G, Guerville M, Fogliano V, Hettinga K, Smeets PAM (2024) Milk coagulation and gastric emptying in women experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms after ingestion of cow’s milk. Neurogastroenterol Motil 36:e14696
Du T, Hill L, Ding L, Towbin AJ, DeJonckheere M, Bennett P, Hagerman N, Varughese AM, Pratap JN (2017) Gastric emptying for liquids of different compositions in children. Br J Anaesth 119:948–955
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Joshi GP, Abdelmalak BB, Weigel WA, Harbell MW, Kuo CI, Soriano SG, Stricker PA, Tipton T, Grant MD, Marbella AM, Agarkar M, Blanck JF, Domino KB (2023) 2023 American society of anesthesiologists practice guidelines for preoperative fasting: Carbohydrate-containing clear liquids with or without protein, chewing gum, and pediatric fasting duration-a modular update of the 2017 American society of anesthesiologists practice guidelines for preoperative fasting. Anesthesiology 138:132–151
Kwatra NS, Shalaby-Rana E, Andrich MP, Tsai J, Rice AL, Ghelani SJ, Spottswood SE, Majd M (2020) Gastric emptying of milk in infants and children up to 5 years of age: normative data and influencing factors. Pediatr Radiol 50:689–697
Taye S, Mohammed S, Bhatia P, Kumar M, Chhabra S, Kumar R, Kumari K (2021) Gastric emptying time of two different quantities of clear fluids in children: A double-blinded randomized controlled study. Paediatr Anaesth 31:1187–1193
Schmitz A, Kellenberger CJ, Lochbuehler N, Fruehauf M, Klaghofer R, Fruehauf H, Weiss M (2012) Effect of different quantities of a sugared clear fluid on gastric emptying and residual volume in children: a crossover study using magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Anaesth 108:644–647
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Korkusuz M, Basaran B, Et T, Bilge A, Yarimoglu R, Osmanoglu UO (2023) Gastric emptying times of obese and non-obese school-aged children after preoperative clear fluid intake: A prospective observational study. Paediatr Anaesth 33:539–545
Nguyen H, Paluska MR, Falcon R, Petersen TR, Soneru C (2023) Rapid evaluation of gastric content with ultrasound: An educational tool. Cureus 15:e49031
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Schmitz A, Schmidt AR, Buehler PK, Schraner T, Frühauf M, Weiss M, Klaghofer R, Kellenberger CJ (2016) Gastric ultrasound as a preoperative bedside test for residual gastric contents volume in children. Paediatr Anaesth 26:1157–1164
Das D, Trikha A, Kaur M, Muthiah T, Pandey RK, Ankalji B, Madhusudhan KS, Srivastava DN, Singh PM (2024) Comparison of gastric emptying time between breast-fed and formula milk-fed infants less than 6 months old, using gastric ultrasound-An observational study. Paediatr Anaesth 34:430–437
Van de Putte P, Perlas A (2014) Ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume. Br J Anaesth 113:12–22
Kruisselbrink R, Arzola C, Endersby R, Tse C, Chan V, Perlas A (2014) Intra- and interrater reliability of ultrasound assessment of gastric volume. Anesthesiology 121:46–51
Spencer AO, Walker AM, Yeung AK, Lardner DR, Yee K, Mulvey JM, Perlas A (2015) Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in the fasted pediatric patient undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: development of a predictive model using endoscopically suctioned volumes. Paediatr Anaesth 25:301–308
Song IK, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kim EH, Kim JT, Kim HS (2016) Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in children after drinking carbohydrate-containing fluids. Br J Anaesth 116:513–517
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Beck CE, Chandrakumar T, Sumpelmann R, Nickel K, Keil O, Heiderich S, Boethig D, Witt L, Dennhardt N (2020) Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying time after intake of clear fluids in children scheduled for general anesthesia-A prospective observational study. Paediatr Anaesth 30:1384–1389
Lee JJ, Price JC, Duren A, Shertzer A, Hannum R, Akita FA, Wang S, Squires JH, Panzer O, Herrera J, Sun LS, Davis NA (2021) Ultrasound Evaluation of Gastric Emptying Time in Healthy Term Neonates after Formula Feeding. Anesthesiology 134:845–851
Beck CE, Witt L, Albrecht L, Dennhardt N, Bothig D, Sumpelmann R (2018) Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying time after a standardised light breakfast in healthy children: A prospective observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 35:937–941
Okabe T, Terashima H, Sakamoto A (2017) A comparison of gastric emptying of soluble solid meals and clear fluids matched for volume and energy content: a pilot crossover study. Anaesthesia 72:1344–1350
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Dorrance M, Copp M (2020) Perioperative fasting: A review. J Perioper Pract 30:204–209
Beck CE, Rudolph D, Mahn C, Etspuler A, Korf M, Luthke M, Schindler E, Paukert S, Trapp A, Megens J, Oppitz F, Badelt G, Roher K, Genahr A, Fink G, Muller-Lobeck L, Becke-Jakob K, Wermelt JZ, Boethig D, Eich C, Sumpelmann R (2020) Impact of clear fluid fasting on pulmonary aspiration in children undergoing general anesthesia: Results of the German prospective multicenter observational (NiKs) study. Paediatr Anaesth 30:892–899
Hellmig S, Von Schoning F, Gadow C, Katsoulis S, Hedderich J, Folsch UR, Stuber E (2006) Gastric emptying time of fluids and solids in healthy subjects determined by 13C breath tests: influence of age, sex and body mass index. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 21:1832–1838
Orsagh-Yentis DK, Bai S, Bobbey A, Hayes C, Pusateri A, Williams K (2021) Spirulina breath test indicates differences in gastric emptying based on age, gender, and BMI. Neurogastroenterol Motil 33:e14079
Bonner JJ, Vajjah P, Abduljalil K, Jamei M, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Tucker GT, Johnson TN (2015) Does age affect gastric emptying time? A model-based meta-analysis of data from premature neonates through to adults. Biopharm Drug Dispos 36:245–257
留言 (0)