Monsarrat P, Arcaute B, Peters OA, et al. Interrelationships in the variability of root canal anatomy among the permanent teeth: a full-mouth approach by cone-beam CT. PLoS ONE. 2016;11: e0165329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165329.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Luo J, Dou L, et al. CBCT study of root and canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisors in a Chinese population. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014;72:26–30. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2013.775337.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu YC, Tsai YWC, Cheng WC, et al. Relationship of the incidence of C-shaped root canal configurations of mandibular first premolars with distolingual roots in mandibular first molars in a Taiwanese population: a cone-beam computed tomographic study. J Endod. 2018;44:1492–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2018.05.016.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu YC, Su CC, Tsai YWC, et al. Complicated root canal configuration of mandibular first premolars is correlated with the presence of the distolingual root in mandibular first molars: a cone-beam computed tomographic study in Taiwanese individuals. J Endod. 2017;43:1064–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.027.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jang YE, Kim Y, Kim B, et al. Frequency of non-single canals in mandibular premolars and correlations with other anatomical variants: an in vivo cone beam computed tomography study. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19:272. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0972-5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu YC, Cheng WC, Chung MP, et al. Complicated root canal morphology of mandibular lateral incisors is associated with the presence of distolingual root in mandibular first molars: a cone-beam computed tomographic study in a Taiwanese population. J Endod. 2018;44:73–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.08.027.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shemesh A, Kavalerchik E, Levin A, et al. Root canal morphology evaluation of central and lateral mandibular incisors using cone-beam computed tomography in an Israeli population. J Endod. 2018;44:51–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.08.012.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin Z, Hu Q, Wang T, et al. Use of CBCT to investigate the root canal morphology of mandibular incisors. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014;36:877–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-014-1267-9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yamaguchi M, Noiri Y, Itoh Y, et al. Factors that cause endodontic failures in general practices in Japan. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0530-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao Y, Dong YT, Wang XY, et al. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of root canal configuration of 4,674 mandibular anterior teeth. J Peking Univ Health Sci. 2014;46:95–9.

Google Scholar 

Boruah LC, Bhuyan AC. Morphologic characteristics of root canal of mandibular incisors in North-East Indian population: an in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2011;14:346–50. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.87195.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Borisova-Papancheva T, Miteva AM. The most common causes of endodontic failure. Scripta Sci Med Dentis. 2023;9:20–6. https://doi.org/10.14748/ssmd.v9i2.9145.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chogle S, Zuaitar M, Sarkis R, et al. The recommendation of cone-beam computed tomography and its effect on endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. J Endod. 2020;46:162–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2019.10.034.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giudice RL, Nicita F, Puleio F, et al. Accuracy of periapical radiography and CBCT in endodontic evaluation. Int J Dent. 2018;2018:2514243. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2514243.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patel S, Brown J, Semper M, et al. European Society of Endodontology position statement: use of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics: European Society of Endodontology (ESE) developed by. Int Endod J. 2019;52:1675–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13187.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58:589–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(84)90085-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saati S, Shokri A, Foroozandeh M, et al. Root morphology and number of canals in mandibular central and lateral incisors using cone beam computed tomography. Braz Dent J. 2018;29:239–44. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201801925.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alshayban M, Abughosh T, Almalki W, et al. Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of root canal morphology of mandibular anterior teeth in a Saudi subpopulation, retrospective in-vivo study. Saudi Dent J. 2022;34:390–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.04.008.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Al-Qudah AA, Awawdeh LA. Root canal morphology of mandibular incisors in a Jordanian population. Int Endod J. 2006;39:873–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01159.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mashyakhy M. Anatomical analysis of permanent mandibular incisors in a Saudi Arabian population: an in vivo cone-beam computed tomography study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22:1611–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_291_19.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baxter S, Jablonski M, Hülsmann M. Cone-beam-computed-tomography of the symmetry of root canal anatomy in mandibular incisors. J Oral Sci. 2020;62:180–3. https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.19-0113.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CCS. The root and root canal morphology of the human mandibular first premolar: a literature review. J Endod. 2007;33:509–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.12.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang YD, Wu J, Sheu RJ, et al. Evaluation of the root and root canal systems of mandibular first premolars in northern Taiwanese patients using cone-beam computed tomography. J Formos Med Assoc. 2015;114:1129–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2014.05.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aljawhar AM, Ibrahim N, Aziz AA, et al. Characterization of the root and canal anatomy of maxillary premolar teeth in an Iraqi subpopulation: a cone beam computed tomography study. Odontology. 2024;112:570–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00870-5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Corbella S, Baruffaldi M, Perondi I, et al. Cone-beam computed tomography investigation of the anatomy of permanent mandibular premolars in a cohort of Caucasians. J Investig Clin Dent. 2019;10: e12373. https://doi.org/10.1111/jicd.12373.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Biswas M, Mazumder D, Saha KK, et al. See-through C: case series. J Conserv Dent. 2023;26:478–83. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_322_23.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hallinan JTPD, Zhu L, Yang K, et al. Deep learning model for automated detection and classification of central canal, lateral recess, and neural foraminal stenosis at lumbar spine MRI. Radiology. 2021;300:130–8. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2021204289.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nino-Barrera J, Alzate-Mendoza D, Olaya-Abril C, et al. Atypical radicular anatomy in permanent human teeth: a systematic review. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2022;50:19–34. https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2022043742.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar