Melmed S, Pituitary-Tumor Endocrinopathies (2020) N Engl J Med 382(10):937–950. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1810772

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

The epidemiology of pituitary adenomas in Iceland, 1955–2012: a nationwide population-based study - PubMed. Accessed July 7 (2024) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26423473/

Gaillard S, Adeniran S, Villa C et al (2022) Outcome of giant pituitary tumors requiring surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:975560. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.975560

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ammirati M, Wei L, Ciric I (2013) Short-term outcome of endoscopic versus microscopic pituitary adenoma surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 84(8):843–849. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-303194

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shen M, Chen Z, Shou X et al (2020) Surgical outcomes and predictors of visual function alterations after transcranial surgery for large-to-giant Pituitary Adenomas. World Neurosurg 141:e60–e69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.151

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rahimli T, Hidayetov T, Yusifli Z, Memmedzade H, Rajabov T, Aghayev K (2021) Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Giant Pituitary adenomas: Surgical outcomes and Review of the literature. World Neurosurg 149:e1043–e1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2021.01.019

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cappabianca P, Cavallo LM, Solari D, de Divitiis O, Chiaramonte C, Esposito F (2014) Size does not matter. The intrigue of giant adenomas: a true surgical challenge. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 156(12):2217–2220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-014-2213-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inoue A, Suehiro S, Ohnishi T et al (2022) Simultaneous combined endoscopic endonasal and transcranial surgery for giant pituitary adenomas: Tips and traps in operative indication and procedure. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 218:107281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107281

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yoshida K, Toda M, Akiyama T et al (2018) Combined endoscopic endonasal and video-microscopic Transcranial Approach with Preoperative Embolization for a posterior pituitary tumor. World Neurosurg 119:201–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.245

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

D’Ambrosio AL, Syed ON, Grobelny BT, Freda PU, Wardlaw S, Bruce JN (2009) Simultaneous above and below approach to giant pituitary adenomas: surgical strategies and long-term follow-up. Pituitary 12(3):217–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-009-0171-5

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Han S, Gao W, Jing Z, Wang Y, Wu A (2017) How to deal with giant pituitary adenomas: transsphenoidal or transcranial, simultaneous or two-staged? J Neurooncol 132(2):313–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-017-2371-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villa C, Birtolo MF, Luis Gustavo PR et al (2024) Grading and staging for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Brain Pathol Published Online August 25:e13299. https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.13299

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Asa SL, Mete O, Perry A, Osamura RY (2022) Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of Pituitary tumors. Endocr Pathol 33(1):6–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-022-09703-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rutkowski MJ, Chang KE, Cardinal T et al (2021) Development and clinical validation of a grading system for pituitary adenoma consistency. J Neurosurg 134(6):1800–1807. https://doi.org/10.3171/2020.4.JNS193288

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma Z, He W, Zhao Y et al (2016) Predictive value of PWI for blood supply and T1-spin echo MRI for consistency of pituitary adenoma. Neuroradiology 58(1):51–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-015-1591-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Agha RA, Sohrabi C, Mathew G et al (2020) The PROCESS 2020 Guideline: updating Consensus Preferred reporting of CasE series in surgery (PROCESS) guidelines. Int J Surg 84:231–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.11.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Luzzi S, Giotta Lucifero A, Rabski J, Kadri PAS, Al-Mefty O (2023) The Party Wall: redefining the indications of Transcranial approaches for Giant Pituitary adenomas in endoscopic era. Cancers (Basel) 15(8):2235. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15082235

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shashidhar A, Arimappamagan A, Madhusudhan N et al (2021) Transcranial approach for pituitary adenomas - an evaluation of surgical approaches over two decades and factors influencing peri-operative morbidity. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 200:106400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106400

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villar-Taibo R, Díaz-Ortega C, Sifontes-Dubon M et al (2021) Pituitary surgery in elderly patients: a safe and effective procedure. Endocrine 72(3):814–822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-021-02665-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park SH, Ku CR, Moon JH, Kim EH, Kim SH, Lee EJ (2018) Age- and sex-specific differences as predictors of Surgical Remission among patients with acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103(3):909–916. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01844

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trouillas J, Jaffrain-Rea ML, Vasiljevic A, Raverot G, Roncaroli F, Villa C (2020) How to classify the Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET)s in 2020. Cancers (Basel) 12(2):514. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020514

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McCormack A, Dekkers OM, Petersenn S et al (2018) Treatment of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas: results of a European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) survey 2016. Eur J Endocrinol 178(3):265–276. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-17-0933

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

E M (2014) Growth patterns of pituitary adenomas and histopathological correlates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(4). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3054

Asioli S, Righi A, Iommi M et al (2019) Validation of a clinicopathological score for the prediction of post-surgical evolution of pituitary adenoma: retrospective analysis on 566 patients from a tertiary care centre. Eur J Endocrinol 180(2):127–134. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-18-0749

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Buchfelder M, Schlaffer SM (2020) Surgical treatment of aggressive pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 21(2):253–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-020-09563-8

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kuga D, Toda M, Ozawa H, Ogawa K, Yoshida K (2019) Endoscopic Endonasal Approach combined with a simultaneous Transcranial Approach for Giant Pituitary tumors. World Neurosurg 121:173–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.047

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Solari D, Cavallo LM, Graziadio C et al (2022) Giant Non-functioning Pituitary Adenomas: treatment considerations. Brain Sci 12(9):1256. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091256

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen G, Wang Z, Zhou D (2013) Lateral supraorbital approach applied to sellar tumors in 23 consecutive patients: the Suzhou experience from China. World J Surg Oncol 11:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-11-41

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cossu G, Jouanneau E, Cavallo LM et al (2022) Surgical management of giant pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: Meta-analysis and consensus statement on behalf of the EANS skull base section. Brain Spine 2:100878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bas.2022.100878

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qiao N, Gao W, Deng X et al (2024) Combined simultaneous transsphenoidal and transcranial regimen improves surgical outcomes in complex giant pituitary adenomas: a longitudinal retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg Published Online March 18. https://doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000001330

Tang C, Wang JW, Wang P, Zou DW, Wu N (2023) Staged surgery for irregular giant pituitary adenomas: a report of two cases. Oncol Lett 25(3):118. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.13704

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Iglesias P, Rodríguez Berrocal V, Díez JJ (2018) Giant pituitary adenoma: histological types, clinical features and therapeutic approaches. Endocrine 61(3):407–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-1645-x

Article  CAS