Czarnecki ST, Nanda RS, Currier GF (1993) Perceptions of a balanced facial profile. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 104(2):180–187

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Maetevorakul S, Viteporn S (2016) Factors influencing soft tissue profile changes following orthodontic treatment in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. Prog Orthodont 17:1–8

Google Scholar 

Lin CS, Shaari R, Alam MK, Rahman SA (2013) Photogrammetric analysis of nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle norm in Malaysian adults. Bangladesh J Med Sci 12(2):209

Article  Google Scholar 

Khosravanifard B, Rakhshan V, Raeesi E (2013) Factors influencing attractiveness of soft tissue profile. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. 115(1):29–37

Yin L, Jiang M, Chen W, Smales RJ, Wang Q, Tang L (2014) Differences in facial profile and dental esthetic perceptions between young adults and orthodontists. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 145(6):750–756

Article  Google Scholar 

Naini FB, Cobourne MT, Garagiola U, McDonald F, Wertheim D (2017) Mentolabial angle and aesthetics: a quantitative investigation of idealized and normative values. Maxillofacial Plast Reconstr Surg 39:1–7

Google Scholar 

Naini FB (2011) Facial aesthetics: concepts and clinical diagnosis. Wiley

Naini FB, Gill DS (2017) Orthognathic surgery: principles, planning and practice. Wiley

Legan HL, Burstone CJ (1980) Soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg (American Dent Association: 1965) 38(10):744–751

Powell N, Humphreys B (1984) Proportions of the aesthetic face. (No Title)

Lehocky B (2006) Anthropometry and cephalometric facial analysis. Plast Surg 2:1–30

Google Scholar 

Hall D, Taylor RW, Jacobson A, Sadowsky PL, Bartolucci A (2000) The perception of optimal profile in African americans versus white americans as assessed by orthodontists and the lay public. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 118(5):514–525

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Amini F, Razavian ZS, Rakhshan V (2016) Soft tissue cephalometric norms of Iranian class I adults with good occlusions and balanced faces. Int Orthod 14(1):108–122

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khosravanifard B, Raeisi E, Kadkhodaei Oliadarani F, Rakhshan V (2018) Soft-tissue anthropometric norms of iranians with proper occlusion and inter-ethnic norm comparisons. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 17:588–596

Article  Google Scholar 

Sforza C, Laino A, D’Alessio R, Grandi G, Tartaglia GM, Ferrario VF (2008) Soft-tissue facial characteristics of attractive and normal adolescent boys and girls. Angle Orthod 78(5):799–807

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soh J, Chew MT, Wong HB (2005) A comparative assessment of the perception of Chinese facial profile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 127(6):692–699

Article  Google Scholar 

Rahul P, Yadav D, Ish D, Sharma I, Gulia D, Kesiezie T, Sairal A (2024) To evaluate and correlate nasolabial angle, mentolabial sulcus angle and throat angle using cephalometric and photographic measurement. Afr J Biol Sci.;6

Papel ID (2004) Computer imaging for facial plastic surgery. Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, 2nd edn. Thieme, Stuttgart

Google Scholar 

Imani MM, Hosseini SA, Arab S, Delavarian M (2018) Characterization of soft tissue cephalometric norms of kurdish population of Iran. J Res Med Dent Sci 6(1):335–342

Google Scholar 

Kadhom ZM, Al-Janabi MF (2011) Soft-tissue cephalometric norms for a sample of Iraqi adults with class I normal occlusion in natural head position. J Bagh Coll Dent 23:160–166

Google Scholar 

Rakhshan V, Ghorbanyjavadpour F (2019) Anteroposterior and vertical soft tissue cephalometric norms of iranians, interethnic comparisons, sex dimorphism, and the effect of age on cephalometric variables. Oral Maxillofacial Surg 23:167–178

Article  Google Scholar 

Ghorbanyjavadpour F, Rakhshan V (2019) Factors associated with the beauty of soft-tissue profile. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 155(6):832–843

Article  Google Scholar 

Al-Khawaja FK, Moussa Kadhom N, Rasheed Al-Tuma Z (2015) Soft tissue cephalometric norms for a sample of Iraqi population group using Legan and Burstone analysis. Kerbala J Med 8(2):2222–2228

Google Scholar 

Al Taki A, Yaqoub S, Hassan M (2018) Legan-Burstone soft tissue profile values in a circassian adult sample. J Orthodontic Sci 7(1):18

Article  Google Scholar 

Bagwan A, Al-Shennawy M, Alskhawy M (2015) Evaluation of soft tissue parameters for adults with accepted occlusion using Legan and Burstone analysis. Tanta Dent J 12(1):1–6

Article  Google Scholar 

Celebi AA, Tan E, Gelgor IE, Colak T, Ayyildiz E (2013) Comparison of soft tissue cephalometric norms between Turkish and European-American adults. The scientific world journal.;2013

Uysal T, Baysal A, Yagci A, Sigler LM, McNamara JA Jr (2012) Ethnic differences in the soft tissue profiles of Turkish and European–American young adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces. Eur J Orthod 34(3):296–301

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Esmaeili S, Mohammadi NM, Khosravani S, Eslamian L, Motamedian SR (2023) Evaluation of facial profile characteristics of aesthetically pleasing Iranian faces. J World Fed Orthod 12(2):76–89

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnston D, Hunt O, Johnston C, Burden D, Stevenson M, Hepper P (2005) The influence of lower face vertical proportion on facial attractiveness. Eur J Orthod 27(4):349–354

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Perović TM, Blažej M, Jovanović I (2022) The influence of mandibular divergence on facial soft tissue thickness in class I patients: a cephalometric study. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 81(2):472–480

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berneburg M, Dietz K, Niederle C, Göz G (2010) Changes in esthetic standards since 1940. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 137(4):450 e1-. e9

Article  Google Scholar