Climate change represents one of the most significant global health threats of the 21st century, with children being particularly vulnerable to its effects. This literature review examines the emerging risks posed by climate change on pediatric health, highlighting the multifaceted impacts on respiratory health, heat-related illnesses, vector-borne diseases, nutrition, mental health, and exposure to waterborne pathogens. Additionally, the review explores the disproportionate effects on children from marginalized communities, underscoring the urgent need for targeted interventions and policies. By synthesizing current research, this article aims to raise awareness among healthcare professionals and policymakers about the pressing need to protect pediatric populations from the evolving challenges of climate change.