Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, et al. Periodontitis: consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 world workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89(1):173–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.17-0721.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lorencini M, Silva JAF, Almeida CA, Bruni-Cardoso A, Carvalho HF, Stach-Machado DR. A new paradigm in the periodontal disease progression: gingival connective tissue remodeling with simultaneous collagen degradation and fibers thickening. Tissue Cell. 2009;41(1):43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2008.07.001.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Séguier S, Godeau G, Brousse N. Collagen fibers and inflammatory cells in healthy and diseased human gingival tissues: a comparative and quantitative study by immunohistochemistry and automated image analysis. J Periodontol. 2000;71(7):1079–85. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.7.1079.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Könönen E, Gursoy M, Gursoy UK. Periodontitis: a multifaceted disease of tooth-supporting tissues. J Clin Med. 2019;8(8):1135. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081135.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Srivastava R, Chandra C, Jha V, Dubey A, Sharma T, Goel T. Periodontal health is the key for overall health. Asian J Oral Heal Allied Sci. 2022;12(3):1–6. https://doi.org/10.25259/AJOHAS_11_2021.

Article  Google Scholar 

Macri E, Lifshitz F, Ramos C, Orzuza R, Costa O, Zago V, et al. Atherogenic cholesterol-rich diet and periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol. 2014;59(7):679–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.03.006.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Antona ME, Ramos C, Stranges A, Monteiro AF, Gonzales Chaves MM, Mandalunis P, et al. Fish oil diet effects on alveolar bone loss, in hypercholesterolemic rats. Arch Oral Biol. 2020;109:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104553.

Article  Google Scholar 

Itabe H. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a biomarker of in vivo oxidative stress: from atherosclerosis to periodontitis. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2012;51(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.11-00020R1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mello APQ, da Silva IT, Abdalla DSP, Damasceno NRT. Electronegative low-density lipoprotein: origin and impact on health and disease. Atherosclerosis. 2011;215(2):257–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.12.028.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sangwan A, Tewari S, Singh H, Sharma RK, Narula SC. Periodontal status and hyperlipidemia: statin users versus non-users. J Periodontol. 2013;84(1):3–12. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2012.110756.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang X, Li X, Sheng Z, Wang S, Li B, Tao S, et al. Effects of combined exposure to cadmium and high-fat diet on bone quality in male mice. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020;193(2):434–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01713-7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Jiao J, Qi Y, Yu W, Yang S, Zhang J, et al. Curcumin: a review of experimental studies and mechanisms related to periodontitis treatment. J Periodontal Res. 2021;56(5):837–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12914.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pulido-Moran M, Moreno-Fernandez J, Ramirez-Tortosa C, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. Curcumin and health. Molecules. 2016;21(3):264. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21030264.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kocaadam B, Şanlier N. Curcumin, an active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), and its effects on health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017;57(13):2889–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1077195.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raduly FM, Raditoiu V, Raditoiu A, Purcar V. Curcumin: modern applications for a versatile additive. Coatings. 2021;11(5):519. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050519.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Vahdat-Lasemi F, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Curcumin as a pharmaceutical leader. Curcumin-Based Nanomed Cancer Ther. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-15412-6.00001-5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Solomon SM, Stafie CS, Sufaru IG, Teslaru S, Ghiciuc CM, Petrariu FD, et al. Curcumin as a natural approach of periodontal adjunctive treatment and its immunological implications: a narrative review. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(5):982. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14050982.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sha AM, Garib BT, Azeez SH, Gul SS. Effects of curcumin gel on osteoclastogenic bone markers in experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in wistar rats. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(3):905–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2020.09.015.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou T, Chen D, Li Q, Sun X, Song Y, Wang C. Curcumin inhibits inflammatory response and bone loss during experimental periodontitis in rats. Acta Odontol, Scand. 2013;71(2):349–56. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2012.682092.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sculean A, Aoki A, Romanos G, Schwarz F, Miron RJ, Cosgarea R. Is photodynamic therapy an effective treatment for periodontal and peri-implant infections? Dent Clin North Am. 2015;59(4):831–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2015.06.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karp NA, Meehan TF, Morgan H, Mason JC, Blake A, Kurbatova N, et al. Applying the ARRIVE guidelines to an in vivo database. PLoS Biol. 2015;13(5): e1002151. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002151.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heidari H, Bagherniya M, Majeed M, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Curcumin-piperine co-supplementation and human health: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies. Phyther Res. 2023;37(4):1462–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7737.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ubios AM, Costa OR, Cabrini RL. Early steps in bone resorption in experimental periodontitis: a histomorphometric study. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 1993;7(1):45–50.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mandalunis PM, Steimetz T, Castiglione JL, Ubios AM. Alveolar bone response in an experimental model of renal failure and periodontal disease: a histomorphometric and histochemical study. J Periodontol. 2003;74(12):1803–7. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2003.74.12.1803.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alsina E, Macri EV, Lifshitz F, Bozzini C, Rodriguez PN, Boyer PM, et al. Efficacy of phytosterols and fish-oil supplemented high-oleic-sunflower oil rich diets in hypercholesterolemic growing rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2016;67(4):441–53. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2016.1161010.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gallagher EP, Canada AT, Di Giulio RT. The protective role of glutathione in chlorothalonil-induced stoxicity to channel catfish. Aquat Toxicol. 1992;23(3):155–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90049-S.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Viarengo A, Burlando B, Cavaletto M, Marchi B, Ponzano E, Blasco J. Role of metallothionein against oxidative stress in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Am J Physiol—Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 1999;277(6):1612–9. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.6.R1612.

Article  Google Scholar 

Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05016-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193(1):265–75.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cavallini F, Faria Lenzi F, Carlo Gomes Santos EC, Martins De Souza D, Pallos D, Hernandes L. The influence of low dose of doxycycline on induced periodontitis associated with occlusal overload. Periodontia. 2010;20(4):73–9.