Abendschön, S. & Steinmetz, S, (2014). The gender gap in voting revisited: Women's party preferences in a European context. Social Politics, 21(2), 315-344. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxu009
Baxter, S. & Lansing, M. (1983). Women and politics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Burden, B. C. (2008). The Social Roots of the Partisan Gender Gap. Public Opinion Quarterly, 72(1), 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfm056
Dassonneville, R. (2020). Change and continuity in the ideological gender gap a longitudinal analysis of left-right self-placement in OECD countries. European Journal of Political Research, 60(1), 225-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12384
ESS Round 9: European Social Survey Round 9 Data (2018). Data file edition 3.1. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. http://dx.doi.org/10.21338/NSD-ESS9-2018.
Giger, N. (2009). Towards a modern gender gap in Europe?: A comparative analysis of voting behavior in 12 countries. The Social Science Journal, 46(3), 474-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2009.03.002
Hatem, D. (2021). The vital centre, the middle of nowhere, or something in-between: A study of political centrism in Western democracies. Doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford.
Inglehart, R. & Norris, P. (2000). The developmental theory of the gender gap: Women's and men's voting behavior in global perspective. International Political Science Review, 21(4), 441–463. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512100214007
Inglehart, R. & Norris, P. (2003). Rising tide. Gender equality and cultural change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Iversen, T. & Rosenbluth, F. (2006). The Political Economy of Gender: Ex-plaining Cross-National Variation in the Gender Division of Labor and the Gender Voting Gap. American Journal of Political Science, 50(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00166.x
Knutsen, O. (1998). Europeans move towards the center: a comparative longitudinal study of left–right self-placement in Western Europe. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 10(4), 292-316.
Kroh, M. (2007). Measuring left–right political orientation: The choice of response format. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71(2), 204-220. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfm009
Lippa, R. A. (2010). Sex differences in personality traits and gender-related occupational preferences across 53 nations: Testing evolutionary and social-environmental theories. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(3), 619–636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9380-7
Macdonald, S. E. & Rabinowitz, G. (1993). Direction and uncertainty in a model of issue voting. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 5(1), 61-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692893005001003
Macdonald, S. E., Rabinowitz, G. & Listhaug, O. (1995). Political sophistication and models of issue voting. British Journal of Political Science, 25(4), 453-483.
Manza, J. & Brooks, C. (1998). The gender gap in U.S. presidential elections: When? Why? Implications? American Journal of Sociology, 102(5), 1235–1266. https://doi.org/10.1086/231352
Norrander, B. & Wilcox, C. (2008). The gender gap in ideology. Political Behavior, 30(4), 503-523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-008-9061-1
Rabinowitz, G. & Macdonald, S.E. (1989). A directional theory of issue voting. American Political Science Review, 83(1), 93-121. https://doi.org/10.2307/1956436
Rodon, T. (2015). Do all roads lead to the center? The unresolved dilemma of centrist self-placement. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 27(2), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edu028
Rodon, T. (2021). Caught in the middle? How voters react to spatial indifference. Electoral Studies, 73, 102385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102385
Scholz, E., & Zuell, C. (2016). Methodological aspects of central left-right scale placement in a cross-national perspective. Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, 132(1), 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0759106316662588
Shapiro, R. Y. & Mahajan, H. (1986). Gender differences in policy preferences. A summary of trends from the 1960s to the 1980s. Public Opinion Quarterly, 50(1), 42–61. https://doi.org/10.1086/268958
Sidanius, J., Pratto, F. & Brief, D. (1995). Group dominance and the political psychology of gender: A cross-cultural comparison. Political Psychology, 16(2), 381 – 396. https://doi.org/10.2307/3791836
Tiemann, G. (2022). Conditions of proximity and directional voting: Voter sophistication, political information, and party identification. Electoral Studies, 75, 102436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102436
Zuell, C. & Scholz, E. (2019). Construct equivalence of left-right scale placement in a cross-national perspective. International Journal of Sociology, 49(1), 77-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2018.1560982
Zur, R. (2021). The multidimensional disadvantages of centrist parties in Western Europe. Political Behavior, 43(4), 1755-1777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-020-09671-w
留言 (0)