These authors contributed equally: Sam N. Barnett, Ana-Maria Cujba, Lu Yang.

These authors jointly supervised the work: Michela Noseda, Sarah A. Teichmann.

National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

Sam N. Barnett, Antonio M. A. Miranda, Michael Lee, Lukas Mach, Rebecca Toscano-Rivalta, Alik Huseynov, Rasheda A. Chowdhury, Anna M. Randi & Michela Noseda

British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK

Sam N. Barnett, Anna M. Randi & Michela Noseda

Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK

Ana-Maria Cujba, Lu Yang, Ana Raquel Maceiras, Shuang Li, Veronika Kedlian, J. Patrick Pett, Krzysztof Polanski, Chuan Xu, James Cranley, Kazumasa Kanemaru, Shani Perera, Catherine Tudor, Philomeena D. Joseph, Sophie Pritchard, Kelvin Tuong, Liam Bolt, Robert Petryszak, Martin Prete, Batuhan Cakir, Ioannis Sarropoulos, Rasa Elmentaite, Elo Madissoon, Amanda Oliver, Lia Campos, Kerstin B. Meyer & Sarah A. Teichmann

Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

Ana-Maria Cujba, Ana Raquel Maceiras, Shuang Li, Veronika Kedlian, Krzysztof Polanski, Chuan Xu, James Cranley, Kazumasa Kanemaru, Shani Perera, Ioannis Sarropoulos & Sarah A. Teichmann

Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Kelvin Tuong

Ensocell Therapeutics, Cambridge, UK

Rasa Elmentaite

Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

Agnieska Brazovskaja & Barbara Treutlein

Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland

Tomás Gomes & Barbara Treutlein

Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Chang N. Kim & Tomasz J. Nowakowski

Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Chang N. Kim & Tomasz J. Nowakowski

Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Chang N. Kim & Tomasz J. Nowakowski

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Chang N. Kim & Tomasz J. Nowakowski

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Tomasz J. Nowakowski

Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA

Tomasz J. Nowakowski