Cecconi M, Evans L, Levy M, Rhodes A. Sepsis and septic shock. Lancet. 2018;392(10141):75–87.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fleischmann C, Scherag A, Adhikari NK, Hartog CS, Tsaganos T, Schlattmann P, Angus DC, Reinhart K. Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. Current estimates and limitations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;193(3):259–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abedi F, Hayes AW, Reiter R, Karimi G. Acute lung injury: the therapeutic role of Rho kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol Res. 2020;155: 104736.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Angus DC, van der Poll T. Severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(9):840–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xiong S, Hong Z, Huang LS, Tsukasaki Y, Nepal S, Di A, Zhong M, Wu W, Ye Z, Gao X, Rao GN, Mehta D, Rehman J, Malik AB. IL-1β suppression of VE-cadherin transcription underlies sepsis-induced inflammatory lung injury. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(7):3684–98.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rittirsch D, Huber-Lang MS, Flierl MA, Ward PA. Immunodesign of experimental sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture. Nat Protoc. 2009;4(1):31–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Fan E, Brochard L, Esteban A, Gattinoni L, van Haren F, Larsson A, McAuley DF, Ranieri M, Rubenfeld G, Thompson BT, Wrigge H, Slutsky AS, Pesenti A. Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries. JAMA. 2016;315(8):788–800.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnston LK, Rims CR, Gill SE, McGuire JK, Manicone AM. Pulmonary macrophage subpopulations in the induction and resolution of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2012;47(4):417–26.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cheng P, Li S, Chen H. Macrophages in lung injury, repair, and fibrosis. Cells. 2021;10(2):436.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Liu Y, Gao Y, Shou S, Chai Y. The roles of macrophage polarization in the host immune response to sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;96: 107791.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mantovani A, Sica A, Sozzani S, Allavena P, Vecchi A, Locati M. The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization. Trends Immunol. 2004;25(12):677–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lange M, Enkhbaatar P, Nakano Y, Traber DL. Role of nitric oxide in shock: the large animal perspective. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2009;14(5):1979–89.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin LR, Gao ZX, Lin Y, Zhu XZ, Liu W, Liu D, Gao K, Tong ML, Zhang HL, Liu LL, Xiao Y, Niu JJ, Liu F, Yang TC. Akt, mTOR and NF-κB pathway activation in Treponema pallidum stimulates M1 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;59:181–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Labonte AC, Tosello-Trampont AC, Hahn YS. The role of macrophage polarization in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Mol Cells. 2014;37(4):275–85.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lepetsos P, Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG. Redox and NF-κB signaling in osteoarthritis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019;132:90–100.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

An L, Li Z, Shi L, Wang L, Wang Y, Jin L, Shuai X, Li J. Inflammation-targeted celastrol nanodrug attenuates collagen-induced arthritis through NF-κB and Notch1 pathways. Nano Lett. 2020;20(10):7728–36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ornatowski W, Lu Q, Yegambaram M, Garcia AE, Zemskov EA, Maltepe E, Fineman JR, Wang T, Black SM. Complex interplay between autophagy and oxidative stress in the development of pulmonary disease. Redox Biol. 2020;36: 101679.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu C, Hu F, Jiao G, Guo Y, Zhou P, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Yi J, You Y, Li Z, Wang H, Zhang X. Dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes suppress M1 macrophage polarization through the ROS-MAPK-NFκB P65 signaling pathway after spinal cord injury. J Nanobiotechnology. 2022;20(1):65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu W, Rong Y, Wang J, Zhou Z, Ge X, Ji C, Jiang D, Gong F, Li L, Chen J, Zhao S, Kong F, Gu C, Fan J, Cai W. Exosome-shuttled miR-216a-5p from hypoxic preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells repair traumatic spinal cord injury by shifting microglial M1/M2 polarization. J Neuroinflammation. 2020;17(1):47.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mitchell SJ, Bernier M, Aon MA, Cortassa S, Kim EY, Fang EF, Palacios HH, Ali A, Navas-Enamorado I, Di Francesco A, Kaiser TA, Waltz TB, Zhang N, Ellis JL, Elliott PJ, Frederick DW, Bohr VA, Schmidt MS, Brenner C, Sinclair DA, Sauve AA, Baur JA, de Cabo R. Nicotinamide improves aspects of healthspan, but not lifespan. Mice Cell Metab. 2018;27(3):667-676.e664.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park S, Shin J, Bae J, Han D, Park SR, Shin J, Lee SK, Park HW. SIRT1 alleviates LPS-induced IL-1beta production by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ROS production in trophoblasts. Cells. 2020;9(3):728.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Buechler NL, Yoza BK, McCall CE, Vachharajani VT. Resveratrol attenuates microvascular inflammation in sepsis via SIRT-1-Induced modulation of adhesion molecules in ob/ob mice. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015;23(6):1209–17.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yeung F, Hoberg JE, Ramsey CS, Keller MD, Jones DR, Frye RA, Mayo MW. Modulation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and cell survival by the SIRT1 deacetylase. EMBO J. 2004;23(12):2369–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sang A, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang Q, Wang X, Li X, Song X. Quercetin attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury via suppressing oxidative stress-mediated ER stress through activation of SIRT1/AMPK pathways. Cell Signal. 2022;96: 110363.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mo EK, Han BH, Kim SM, Yang SA, Kang SK, Oh CJ, Kim R, Kim CG, Kang HJ, Sung CK. Identification of d-friedoolean-13-en-3-one (Taraxerone) as an antioxidant compound from sedom (Sedum sarmentosum). Food Sci Biotechnol. 2012;21(2):485–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jayaraman S, Variyar EJ. Role of taraxerone isolated from Leucas lavandulifolia, as an immunomodulator. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;278: 114307.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ahmed Y, Sohrab MH, Al-Reza SM, Tareq FS, Hasan CM, Sattar MA. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic constituents from leaves of Sapium baccatum. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(2):549–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma XC, Dong S, Zhang SY, Jia N, Ou SL. Taraxerone triterpene inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2016;11(2):342–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mawa S, Jantan I, Husain K. Isolation of terpenoids from the stem of Ficus aurantiaca griff and their effects on reactive oxygen species production and chemotactic activity of neutrophils. Molecules. 2016;21(1):9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central