Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) poses a significant and growing health burden among aging populations, marked by increasing prevalence and complex management challenges specific to elderly patients. This review explores the multifaceted interplay between COPD and aging, highlighting overlapping pathophysiological processes and comorbidities that complicate diagnosis and treatment. We examine age-specific management strategies, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches that account for the unique physical, cognitive, and health-related quality of life impacts on older adults. Additionally, we discuss preventive treatments and the critical roles of mental health, end-of-life care, and caregiver support in comprehensive disease management. The importance of integrative approaches to enhancing health care delivery is also underscored. Finally, we outline future directions, focusing on novel treatment pathways and the identification of biomarkers for early detection. Addressing these elements is essential for optimizing care in this vulnerable population and alleviating the significant societal and economic impacts of COPD among aging patients.