Unit of Emergency Surgery, Careggi University Hospital Largo Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla, 350134, Florence, Italy

J. Martellucci

Department of Surgical Sciences, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, University of Torino, Turin, Italy

E. Falletto & A. Cambareri

Surgical Department, University Hospital Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

S. Ascanelli

Department of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital, Milan, Italy

A. Bondurri

Digestive Surgery - European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS – Milan, Milan, Italy

S. Borin & C. Di Pasquale

General Surgery Unit, Humanitas Materdomini Institute, Castellanza (VA), Italy

C. Bottini

A. Murri Hospital, Fermo, Italy

E. Caproli & M. Grilli

ASL TO4, Ciriè, Turin, Italy

M. Carrera & K. Nepote Fus

General Surgery Unit, Sant’Antonio Abate Hospital in Gallarate, ASST Valle Olona, Varese, Italy

G. Cestaro

Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, General Surgery Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

L. Chimisso

General Surgery Unit, Sondrio Civil Hospital, ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio, Italy

G. Clarizia, A. Spolini & G. Negri

Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”, Policlinico Umberto I “Sapienza”, University of Rome, Rome, Italy

I. Clementi

General Surgery Division, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy

S. Cornaglia & A. Grego

Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

S. Costa & E. Livio

Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

G. Gallo

Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy

C. Guerci

Department of Translational Sciences and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Gastrointestinal Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

C. Lambiase

Department of Surgical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy

A. Lauretta & M. Mirafiori

Department of Pelvic Floor Surgery and Proctology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy

P. Luffarelli

Pio Albergo Trivulzio Institute, Milan, Italy

M. C. Neri

“G. da Saliceto” Civil Hospital in Piacenza, AUSL Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy

D. Piccolo

General and Emergency Surgery, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy

E. Rosati

Gastroenterology and GI Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy

P. Rossitti & E. Zucchi

General Surgery Unit, Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy

G. Torchia

General Surgery Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy

E. Valloncini

Colorectal Surgery Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ospedale per gli Infermi, Faenza, Italy

D. Zattoni

Pelvic Floor Pathology Center, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy

P. Biotti

Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Ferrara - Distretto Centro Nord, Ferrara, Italy

G. Coniglio

OU General Surgery, S. Lenonardo Hospital, Castellammare di Stabia, Naples, Italy

A. Coppola

Santa Rita Clinic, Vercelli, Italy

S. Graziani

Spedali Civili di Brescia Hospital, Brescia, Italy

E. Guerra

ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University Hospital, Milan, Italy

L. Manganini

Villa dei Gerani Clinic, Vibo Valencia, Italy

P. Mazzeo

San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy

A. Minonne

Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy

V. Palazzolo

Surgical Department, Ostomy and Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Center, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy

V. Tantolo

M.J. and F.E. wrote the main manuscript text and prepared figures. The other authors read, revised and approved the final manuscript.