Document Type : original article

Authors

1 Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Cardiology/Heart Failure and Transplantation,

3 Cardiology/Heart Failure and Transplantation, Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

4 Department of biostatistics and epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan university of medical science, Isfahan, IR Iran

10.22038/ijp.2024.82345.5477

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: Over the past two decades, there has been a notable increase in the prevalence of extra-thyroidal congenital anomalies among individuals diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism (CH). This study aims to explore the incidence of additional kidney/urinary tract anomalies (KUTAs) in a cohort of children with confirmed Permanent Congenital hypothyroidism (PCH).

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, utilizing data from the newborn screening database, where TSH test results from the Guthrie heel pinprick test were accessible. Patients with a TSH level of >5 IU/L were categorized as having CH and were included in the analysis. All participants underwent ultrasonography and additional diagnostic measures, if required, to assess the presence of KUTAs.

Results: The study encompassed 1091 patients with CH, of whom 74 (6.78%) also presented with additional KUTAs. Specific anomalies included hypospadias (1.5%), undescended testes (UDT) (1.2%), renal agenesis (0.6%), pyelocaliceal system anomalies (1.6%), hydrocele/varicocele (0.7%), and vesicoureteral reflux (0.1%). Regression analysis indicated a higher likelihood of KUTAs in cases of cesarean section (C/S) delivery and a history of first-degree consanguineous marriage (OR=2.27, 95% CI (0.4-13.04); OR=3.34, 95% CI (0.43, 26.07), respectively). However, these observed associations were statistically insignificant (P-value>0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings underscore a significant association between PCH and the occurrence of KUTAs. Therefore, a comprehensive kidney evaluation is warranted for all confirmed PCH patients.

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