McCarthy, R. L., Zhang, J. & Zaret, K. S. Diverse heterochromatin states restricting cell identity and reprogramming. Trends Biochem. Sci. 48, 513–526 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matsui, T. et al. Proviral silencing in embryonic stem cells requires the histone methyltransferase ESET. Nature 464, 927–931 (2010).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dodge, J. E., Kang, Y. K., Beppu, H., Lei, H. & Li, E. Histone H3-K9 methyltransferase ESET is essential for early development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 2478–2486 (2004).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nicetto, D. et al. H3K9me3-heterochromatin loss at protein-coding genes enables developmental lineage specification. Science 363, 294–297 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsumura, A. et al. Maintenance of self-renewal ability of mouse embryonic stem cells in the absence of DNA methyltransferases Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. Genes Cells 11, 805–814 (2006).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pasini, D., Bracken, A. P., Jensen, M. R., Lazzerini Denchi, E. & Helin, K. Suz12 is essential for mouse development and for EZH2 histone methyltransferase activity. EMBO J. 23, 4061–4071 (2004).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Padeken, J., Methot, S. P. & Gasser, S. M. Establishment of H3K9-methylated heterochromatin and its functions in tissue differentiation and maintenance. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 23, 623–640 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Escobar, T. M. et al. Active and repressed chromatin domains exhibit distinct nucleosome segregation during DNA replication. Cell 179, 953–963 e911 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jurkowska, R. Z. et al. H3K14ac is linked to methylation of H3K9 by the triple Tudor domain of SETDB1. Nat. Commun. 8, 2057 (2017).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lachner, M., O’Carroll, D., Rea, S., Mechtler, K. & Jenuwein, T. Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins. Nature 410, 116–120 (2001).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bannister, A. J. et al. Selective recognition of methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 by the HP1 chromo domain. Nature 410, 120–124 (2001).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reinberg, D. & Vales, L. D. Chromatin domains rich in inheritance. Science 361, 33–34 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eskeland, R., Eberharter, A. & Imhof, A. HP1 binding to chromatin methylated at H3K9 is enhanced by auxiliary factors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27, 453–465 (2007).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheutin, T. et al. Maintenance of stable heterochromatin domains by dynamic HP1 binding. Science 299, 721–725 (2003).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Festenstein, R. et al. Modulation of heterochromatin protein 1 dynamics in primary mammalian cells. Science 299, 719–721 (2003).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alabert, C. et al. Two distinct modes for propagation of histone PTMs across the cell cycle. Genes Dev. 29, 585–590 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ragunathan, K., Jih, G. & Moazed, D. Epigenetics. Epigenetic inheritance uncoupled from sequence-specific recruitment. Science 348, 1258699 (2015).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Audergon, P. N. et al. Epigenetics. Restricted epigenetic inheritance of H3K9 methylation. Science 348, 132–135 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hathaway, N. A. et al. Dynamics and memory of heterochromatin in living cells. Cell 149, 1447–1460 (2012).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tchasovnikarova, I. A. et al. Gene silencing. Epigenetic silencing by the HUSH complex mediates position-effect variegation in human cells. Science 348, 1481–1485 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McCarthy, R. L. et al. Diverse heterochromatin-associated proteins repress distinct classes of genes and repetitive elements. Nat. Cell Biol. 23, 905–914 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Becker, J. S. et al. Genomic and proteomic resolution of heterochromatin and its restriction of alternate fate genes. Mol. Cell 68, 1023–1037 e1015 (2017).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carraro, M. et al. DAXX adds a de novo H3.3K9me3 deposition pathway to the histone chaperone network. Mol. Cell 83, 1075–1092 e1079 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hodges, C. & Crabtree, G. R. Dynamics of inherently bounded histone modification domains. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 13296–13301 (2012).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fukuda, K. et al. Epigenetic plasticity safeguards heterochromatin configuration in mammals. Nucleic Acids Res. 51, 6190–6207 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Montavon, T. et al. Complete loss of H3K9 methylation dissolves mouse heterochromatin organization. Nat. Commun. 12, 4359 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li, S., Prasanna, X., Salo, V. T., Vattulainen, I. & Ikonen, E. An efficient auxin-inducible degron system with low basal degradation in human cells. Nat. Methods 16, 866–869 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nabet, B. et al. The dTAG system for immediate and target-specific protein degradation. Nat. Chem. Biol. 14, 431–441 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Madisen, L. et al. Transgenic mice for intersectional targeting of neural sensors and effectors with high specificity and performance. Neuron 85, 942–958 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jorgensen, S., Schotta, G. & Sorensen, C. S. Histone H4 lysine 20 methylation: key player in epigenetic regulation of genomic integrity. Nucleic Acids Res. 41, 2797–2806 (2013).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Whetstine, J. R. et al. Reversal of histone lysine trimethylation by the JMJD2 family of histone demethylases. Cell 125, 467–481 (2006).

Article  CAS  PubMed