Baron R, Ferrari S, Russell RG. Denosumab and bisphosphonates: different mechanisms of action and effects. Bone. 2011;48(4):677–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2010.11.020.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Montgomery C, Couch C, Emory CL, Nicholas R. Giant cell tumor of bone: review of current literature, evaluation, and treatment options. J Knee Surg. 2019;32(4):331–6. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675815.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Clezardin P, Coleman R, Puppo M, Ottewell P, Bonnelye E, Paycha F, et al. Bone metastasis: mechanisms, therapies, and biomarkers. Physiol Rev. 2021;101(3):797–855. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00012.2019.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reid IR, Billington EO. Drug therapy for osteoporosis in older adults. Lancet. 2022;399(10329):1080–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02646-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cooper MS, Gittoes NJ. Diagnosis and management of hypocalcaemia. BMJ. 2008;336(7656):1298–302. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39582.589433.BE.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pepe J, Colangelo L, Biamonte F, Sonato C, Danese VC, Cecchetti V, et al. Diagnosis and management of hypocalcemia. Endocrine. 2020;69(3):485–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02324-2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Poluzzi E, Raschi E, Piccinni C, De Ponti F. Data mining techniques in pharmacovigilance: analysis of the publicly accessible FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS). In: Data mining applications in engineering and medicine. London: IntechOpen; 2012.

Zhu J, Chen G, He Z, Zheng Y, Gao S, Li J, et al. Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a safety analysis of clinical trials and FDA pharmacovigilance database. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;37: 100951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100951.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao S, He Z, Zhu J, Liang D, Zhao W, Yang S, et al. Ileus in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective, pharmacovigilance study using Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022;31(11):1199–205. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.5493.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo M, Liang J, Li D, Zhao Y, Xu W, Wang L, et al. Coagulation dysfunction events associated with tigecycline: a real-world study from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Thromb J. 2022;20(1):12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12959-022-00369-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Puijenbroek EP, Bate A, Leufkens HG, Lindquist M, Orre R, Egberts AC. A comparison of measures of disproportionality for signal detection in spontaneous reporting systems for adverse drug reactions. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2002;11(1):3–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.668.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rothman KJ, Lanes S, Sacks ST. The reporting odds ratio and its advantages over the proportional reporting ratio. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004;13(8):519–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.1001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li M, Zhang QS, Liu XL, Wang HL, Liu W. Adverse events associated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir: a pharmacovigilance analysis based on FAERS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15121455.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

He Z, Lam K, Zhao W, Yang S, Li Y, Mo J, et al. SGLT-2 inhibitors and euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis/diabetic ketoacidosis in FAERS: a pharmacovigilance assessment. Acta Diabetol. 2023;60(3):401–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-022-02015-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Daga N, Joseph F. Republished: denosumab-induced severe hypocalcaemia in a patient with vitamin D deficiency. Drug Ther Bull. 2021;59(9):139–43. https://doi.org/10.1136/dtb.2021.234508rep.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deligiorgi MV, Trafalis DT. The safety profile of denosumab in oncology beyond the safety of denosumab as an anti-osteoporotic agent: still more to learn. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2021;20(2):191–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2021.1861246.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

White PS, Dennis M, Jones EA, Weinberg JM, Sarosiek S. Risk factors for development of hypocalcemia in patients with cancer treated with bone-modifying agents. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2020;18(4):420–7. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2019.7370.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raman M, Middleton RJ, Kalra PA, Green D. Estimating renal function in old people: an in-depth review. Int Urol Nephrol. 2017;49(11):1979–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-017-1682-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wood S, Petty D, Glidewell L, Raynor DT. Application of prescribing recommendations in older people with reduced kidney function: a cross-sectional study in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 2018;68(670):e378–87. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18X695993.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thongprayoon C, Acharya P, Acharya C, Chenbhanich J, Bathini T, Boonpheng B, et al. Hypocalcemia and bone mineral density changes following denosumab treatment in end-stage renal disease patients: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Osteoporos Int. 2018;29(8):1737–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4533-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jalleh R, Basu G, Le Leu R, Jesudason S. Denosumab-induced severe hypocalcaemia in chronic kidney disease. Case Rep Nephrol. 2018;2018:7384763. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7384763.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liamis G, Milionis HJ, Elisaf M. A review of drug-induced hypocalcemia. J Bone Miner Metab. 2009;27(6):635–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-009-0119-x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kinoshita Y, Masuoka K, Miyakoshi S, Taniguchi S, Takeuchi Y. Vitamin D insufficiency underlies unexpected hypocalcemia following high dose glucocorticoid therapy. Bone. 2008;42(1):226–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2007.09.042.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Subbiah V, Tayek JA. Tetany secondary to the use of a proton-pump inhibitor. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137(3):219. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00024.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Harbi NN, Domrongkitchaiporn S, Lirenman DS. Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia after ibuprofen overdose. Ann Pharmacother. 1997;31(4):432–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100408.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yanase Y, Bando H, Sato R, Matsuo T, Ueda A, Okazaki M, et al. Recurrent severe hypocalcemia following chemotherapy regimen changes in advanced breast cancer: two case reports. J Med Case Rep. 2024;18(1):150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04478-3.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Posner MR, Glisson B, Frenette G, Al-Sarraf M, Colevas AD, Norris CM, et al. Multicenter phase I-II trial of docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil induction chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(4):1096–104. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.4.1096.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gomaa AA, Hassan HA, Ghaneimah SA. Effect of aspirin and indomethacin on the serum and urinary calcium, magnesium and phosphate. Pharmacol Res. 1990;22(1):59–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/1043-6618(90)90744-x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Petty SJ, O’Brien TJ, Wark JD. Anti-epileptic medication and bone health. Osteoporos Int. 2007;18(2):129–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-006-0185-z.

Article