Original Research Brainstem auditory evoked responses: Objective hearing threshold assessment in Holstein cows

Alida Naudé, Lize-Mari Erasmus, Liesl de Swardt, Juan Bornman, Este van Marlé-Köster

South African Journal of Communication Disorders | Vol 71, No 1 | a1047 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1047 | © 2024 Alida Naudé, Lize-Mari Erasmus, Liesl de Swardt, Juan Bornman, Este van Marlé-Köster | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 22 March 2024 | Published: 21 October 2024

About the author(s) Alida Naudé, Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC), Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Lize-Mari Erasmus, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Liesl de Swardt, Faerie Glen Animal Clinic, Pretoria, South Africa
Juan Bornman, Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC), Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; and, Department of Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Este van Marlé-Köster, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

Abstract

Background: Animal audiology utilizes brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) as a non-invasive tool to assess hearing in animals, including Holstein dairy cows. Understanding cows’ auditory capabilities is critical for their welfare, especially given their exposure to farm noise.

Objectives: This study provides preliminary normative BAER data for Holstein cows by focusing on absolute and interpeak wave latencies. The objective is to assess the impact of farm noise and expand audiologists’ practice scope.

Method: Ten Holstein cows were tested using monoaural broadband click stimuli with contralateral masking. Earphones with foam ear tips were used to minimize environmental noise interference. The BAER responses were recorded via subdermal needle electrodes placed at standardized locations on the cows’ heads. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics to determine auditory thresholds and wave latencies.

Results: The cows exhibited auditory thresholds at 90 dB SPL (55 dB nHL). Detailed wave and interpeak latencies were recorded at intensities from 85 to 105 dB SPL. At 90 dB SPL, the average latency for wave V was 5.17 ms, marking the auditory threshold for Holstein cows.

Conclusion: These findings provide key insights into the auditory sensitivity of Holstein cows, highlighting BAER’s potential for monitoring auditory health and evaluating the effects of noise pollution on animal welfare. This research underscores the value of integrating animal audiology into the audiologist’s scope, ultimately enhancing both animal welfare and farming sustainability.

Contribution: This study adds to the limited literature on farm animal auditory health and suggests strategies to improve welfare through better auditory management.

Keywords

absolute wave latencies; animal audiology; auditory sensitivity; BAER, cattle; Holsteins cows; interpeak latencies

Sustainable Development Goal

Goal 3: Good health and well-being

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