1   Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

,

Willemijn Irvine

2   Department of Evidence Based Medicine and Methodology, Qualicura Healthcare Support Agency, Breda, The Netherlands

,

Dalia Aminoff

3   AIMAR-Associazione Italiana Malformazioni AnoRettali, Rome, Italy

,

4   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

,

Salvatore Cascio

5   Department of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, University College Dublin and Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

,

Célia Cretolle

6   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Urology and Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Université de Paris Cité - National Rare Disease Center MAREP, Paris, France

,

Barbara Daniela Iacobelli

7   Medical and Surgical Department of the Fetus-Newborn-Infant, Ospedale Bambin Gesù, Rome, Italy

,

Martin Lacher

8   Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

,

Konstantinos Mantzios

2   Department of Evidence Based Medicine and Methodology, Qualicura Healthcare Support Agency, Breda, The Netherlands

,

Paola Midrio

9   Pediatric Surgery Unit, Cà Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Veneto, Italy

,

Marc Miserez

10   Department of Abdominal Surgery, UZ Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium

,

Sabine Sarnacki

6   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Urology and Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Université de Paris Cité - National Rare Disease Center MAREP, Paris, France

,

11   Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Centre for Child and Youth Health, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen, Germany

,

Cornelius Sloots

12   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

,

13   Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund University, Skane University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden

,

14   Selfhelp Organization for Parents and Patients Born with Anorectal Malformations—SoMA e.V., Munich, Germany

,

8   Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

This study was supported by the European Union.