The aim of the study was to explore the effect of low dose glucocorticoid on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants, to provide new ideas for clinical prevention and cure of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. The 144 cases of premature infants were divided into 72 each: control group and experimental group. Control group received routine clinical prevention and cure, while experimental group was received low dose glucocorticoid on the basis of control group. The serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) , interleukin-8 (IL-8), and transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-β1) before and after treatment were compared between two groups. The incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was compared between two groups. The mechanical ventilation time, oxygen inhalation time and hospitalization time in two groups were recorded, and the body mass, head circumference and body length at 30 days after birth were assessed in both groups. After treatment, the serum IL-10 level in experimental group was increased and IL-8, TGF-β1 levels were decreased compared with control group (p <0.05). The incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in experimental group was 13.89% and the disease severity in experimental group was significantly reduced (p<0.05). Both groups exhibited no notable adverse reactions (p>0.05). Low-dose glucocorticoids have a significant preventive and therapeutic effect on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, and have a high safety, showing high clinical application value for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.