Vert M, Doi Y, Hellwich K-H, Hodge P, Kubisa P, et al. Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC recommendations 2012). Pure Appl Chem. 2012;84:377–410.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Sharma S, Mohler J, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Bruggemann L, Aalinkeel R. Microbial biofilm: a review on formation, infection, antibiotic resistance, control measures, and innovative treatment. Microorganisms. 2023;11:1614.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Desai JV, Mitchell AP, Andes DR. Fungal biofilms, drug resistance, and recurrent infection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2014;4:a019729.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haleva L, Lopes W, Barcellos VA, Schrank A, Vainstein MH. The contest of microbial pigeon neighbors: interspecies competition between Serratia marcescens and the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Fungal Biol. 2020;124:629–38.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tuft S. Polymicrobial infection and the eye. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:257–8.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ranjith K, Nagapriya B, Shivaji S. Polymicrobial biofilms of ocular bacteria and fungi on ex vivo human corneas. Sci Rep. 2022;12:11606.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pendela VS, Kudaravalli P, Chhabria M, Lesho E. Case Report: a polymicrobial vision-threatening Eye infection Associated with Polysubstance abuse. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103:672–4.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ramírez-Granillo A, Bautista-Hernández LA, Bautista-De Lucío VM, Magaña-Guerrero FS, Domínguez-López A, Córdova-Alcántara IM, et al. Microbial Warfare on three fronts: mixed biofilm of aspergillus fumigatus and Staphylococcus aureus on primary cultures of human limbo-corneal fibroblasts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:646054.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ramírez Granillo A, Canales MGM, Espíndola MES, Martínez Rivera MA, de Lucio VMB, Tovar AVR. Antibiosis interaction of Staphylococccus aureus on aspergillus fumigatus assessed in vitro by mixed biofilm formation. BMC Microbiol. 2015;15:33.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bautista-Hernández LA, Gómez-Olivares JL, Buentello-Volante B, Dominguez-Lopez A, Garfias Y, Acosta-García MC, et al. Negative interaction of Staphylococcus aureus on Fusarium falciforme growth ocular isolates in an in vitro mixed biofilm. Microb Pathog. 2019;135:103644.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Camarillo-Márquez O, Córdova-Alcántara IM, Hernández-Rodríguez CH, García-Pérez BE, Martínez-Rivera MA, Rodríguez-Tovar AV. Antagonistic Interaction of Staphylococcus aureus toward Candida Glabrata during in vitro Biofilm formation is caused by an apoptotic mechanism. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2031.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ikeda R, Saito F, Matsuo M, Kurokawa K, Sekimizu K, Yamaguchi M, et al. Contribution of the mannan backbone of cryptococcal glucuronoxylomannan and a glycolytic enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus to contact-mediated killing of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Bacteriol. 2007;189:4815–26.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lever M, Wilde B, Pförtner R, Deuschl C, Witzke O, Bertram S, et al. Orbital aspergillosis: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Ophthalmol. 2021;21:22.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shivaji S, Nagapriya B, Ranjith K. Differential susceptibility of mixed polymicrobial biofilms involving ocular coccoid Bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis) and a filamentous fungus (Fusarium Solani) on Ex vivo human corneas. Microorganisms. 2023;11.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brown JL, Johnston W, Delaney C, Short B, Butcher MC, Young T, et al. Polymicrobial oral biofilm models: simplifying the complex. J Med Microbiol. 2019;68:1573–84.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peters BA, Wu J, Hayes RB, Ahn J. The oral fungal mycobiome: characteristics and relation to periodontitis in a pilot study. BMC Microbiol. 2017;17:157.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kolenbrander PE, Palmer RJ, Periasamy S, Jakubovics NS. Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell-cell distance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010;8:471–80.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peters BM, Jabra-Rizk MA, O’May GA, Costerton JW, Shirtliff ME. Polymicrobial interactions: impact on pathogenesis and human disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25:193–213.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arzmi MH, Alnuaimi AD, Dashper S, Cirillo N, Reynolds EC, McCullough M. Polymicrobial biofilm formation by Candida albicans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus mutans is Candida albicans strain and medium dependent. Med Mycol. 2016;54:856–64.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cavalcanti IMG, Nobbs AH, Ricomini-Filho AP, Jenkinson HF, Del Bel Cury AA. Interkingdom cooperation between Candida albicans, Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces oris modulates early biofilm development on denture material. Pathog Dis. 2016;74.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Le Bars P, Kouadio AA, Bandiaky ON, Le Guéhennec L. La Cochetière M-F. host’s immunity and Candida Species Associated with denture stomatitis: a narrative review. Microorganisms. 2022;10.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bachtiar EW, Bachtiar BM, Jarosz LM, Amir LR, Sunarto H, Ganin H, et al. AI-2 of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2014;4:94.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fong KP, Chung WO, Lamont RJ, Demuth DR. Intra- and interspecies regulation of gene expression by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans LuxS. Infect Immun. 2001;69:7625–34.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

De Keersmaecker SCJ, Sonck K, Vanderleyden J. Let LuxS speak up in AI-2 signaling. Trends Microbiol. 2006;14:114–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kolenbrander PE, Andersen RN, Blehert DS, Egland PG, Foster JS, Palmer RJ. Communication among oral Bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2002;66:486–505.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bamford CV, d’Mello A, Nobbs AH, Dutton LC, Vickerman MM, Jenkinson HF. Streptococcus gordonii modulates Candida albicans biofilm formation through intergeneric communication. Infect Immun. 2009;77:3696–704.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gulati M, Nobile CJ. Candida albicans biofilms: development, regulation, and molecular mechanisms. Microbes Infect. 2016;18:310–21.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chinnici J, Yerke L, Tsou C, Busarajan S, Mancuso R, Sadhak ND, et al. Candida albicans cell wall integrity transcription factors regulate polymicrobial biofilm formation with Streptococcus gordonii. PeerJ. 2019;7:e7870.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhou Z, Ren B, Li J, Zhou X, Xu X, Zhou Y. The role of Glycoside hydrolases in S. Gordonii and C. Albicans interactions. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2022;88:e0011622.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Ma Q, Li J, Huang J, et al. Candida albicans CHK1 gene regulates its cross-kingdom interactions with Streptococcus mutans to promote caries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022;106:7251–63.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hwang G, Liu Y, Kim D, Li Y, Krysan DJ, Koo H. Candida albicans mannans mediate Streptococcus mutans exoenzyme GtfB binding to modulate cross-kingdom biofilm development in vivo. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13:e1006407.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Falsetta ML, Klein MI, Colonne PM, Scott-Anne K, Gregoire S, Pai C-H, et al. Symbiotic relationship between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans synergizes virulence of plaque biofilms in vivo. Infect Immun. 2014;82:1968–81.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ge Y, Wang Q. Current research on fungi in chronic wounds. Front Mol Biosci. 2022;9:1057766.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown JL, Townsend E, Short RD, Williams C, Woodall C, Nile CJ, et al. Assessing the inflammatory response to in vitro polymicrobial wound biofilms in a skin epidermis model. Npj Biofilms Microbiomes. 2022;8:19.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dowd SE, Delton Hanson J, Rees E, Wolcott RD, Zischau AM, Sun Y, et al. Survey of fungi and yeast in polymicrobial infections in chronic wounds. J Wound Care. 2011;20:40–7.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Byrd AL, Belkaid Y, Segre JA. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018;16:143–55.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar