Science has provided more than sufficient evidence to inform a collective and global approach to tackle the continued spread of plastic pollution, according to a new report.

Writing in the journal Science, an international group of experts say the need for worldwide action to tackle all forms of plastic and microplastic debris has never been more pressing.

It is clear that existing national legislation alone is insufficient to address the challenge, they say, and the United Nations’ Plastic Pollution Treaty – which will undergo its fifth round of deliberations in November 2024 – presents a “tangible opportunity” for joined-up international action.

However, for such a treaty to be truly effective it needs to commit to an overall reduction in plastic production alongside measures to reduce the emission and release of microplastic particles along the entire plastics life cycle. Failing to do so, the researchers add, could bring “a high risk of irreversible environmental damage”.

The article was written to mark the 20th anniversary of the first ever study, also published in the journal Science, to coin the term microplastics to describe the microscopic fragments of plastics in our ocean.

It was co-authored by experts in marine biology, sustainability, environmental psychology, global plastics policy, and risk assessment, from: University of Plymouth, University of Bangor (UK); EA – Earth Action (Switzerland); University of Vienna (Austria); University of Wollongong (Australia); and Wageningen University (Netherlands).