Kaplon H, Crescioli S, Chenoweth A, Visweswaraiah J, Reichert JM. Antibodies to watch in 2023. MAbs. 2023;15(1):2153410.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beck A, Wagner-Rousset E, Ayoub D, Van Dorsselaer A, Sanglier-Cianferani S. Characterization of therapeutic antibodies and related products. Anal Chem. 2013;85(2):715–36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Labrijn AF, Janmaat ML, Reichert JM, Parren P. Bispecific antibodies: a mechanistic review of the pipeline. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019;18(8):585–608.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beck A, Goetsch L, Dumontet C, Corvaia N. Strategies and challenges for the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2017;16(5):315–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dick LW Jr, Mahon D, Qiu D, Cheng KC. Peptide mapping of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: improvements for increased speed and fewer artifacts. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2009;877(3):230–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fornelli L, Ayoub D, Aizikov K, Liu X, Damoc E, Pevzner PA, et al. Top-down analysis of immunoglobulin G isotypes 1 and 2 with electron transfer dissociation on a high-field Orbitrap mass spectrometer. J Proteomics. 2017;159:67–76.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mao Y, Valeja SG, Rouse JC, Hendrickson CL, Marshall AG. Top-down structural analysis of an intact monoclonal antibody by electron capture dissociation-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2013;85(9):4239–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

von Pawel-Rammingen U, Johansson BP, Bjorck L. IdeS, a novel streptococcal cysteine proteinase with unique specificity for immunoglobulin G. EMBO J. 2002;21(7):1607–15.

Article  Google Scholar 

Srzentic K, Nagornov KO, Fornelli L, Lobas AA, Ayoub D, Kozhinov AN, et al. Multiplexed middle-down mass spectrometry as a method for revealing light and heavy chain connectivity in a monoclonal antibody. Anal Chem. 2018;90(21):12527–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spoerry C, Hessle P, Lewis MJ, Paton L, Woof JM, von Pawel-Rammingen U. Novel IgG-degrading enzymes of the IgdE protease family link substrate specificity to host tropism of Streptococcus species. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(10): e0164809.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rinaldi F, Tengattini S, Brusotti G, Tripodo G, Peters B, Temporini C, et al. Monolithic papain-immobilized enzyme reactors for automated structural characterization of monoclonal antibodies. Front Mol Biosci. 2021;8: 765683.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lermyte F, Tsybin YO, O’Connor PB, Loo JA. Top or middle? Up or down? Toward a standard lexicon for protein top-down and allied mass spectrometry approaches. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2019;30(7):1149–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lodge JM, Schauer KL, Brademan DR, Riley NM, Shishkova E, Westphall MS, et al. Top-down characterization of an intact monoclonal antibody using activated ion electron transfer dissociation. Anal Chem. 2020;92(15):10246–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ayoub D, Jabs W, Resemann A, Evers W, Evans C, Main L, et al. Correct primary structure assessment and extensive glyco-profiling of cetuximab by a combination of intact, middle-up, middle-down and bottom-up ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry techniques. MAbs. 2013;5(5):699–710.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fornelli L, Ayoub D, Aizikov K, Beck A, Tsybin YO. Middle-down analysis of monoclonal antibodies with electron transfer dissociation orbitrap fourier transform mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2014;86(6):3005–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cotham VC, Brodbelt JS. Characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies at the subunit-level using middle-down 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation. Anal Chem. 2016;88(7):4004–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van der Burgt YEM, Kilgour DPA, Tsybin YO, Srzentic K, Fornelli L, Beck A, et al. Structural analysis of monoclonal antibodies by ultrahigh resolution MALDI in-source decay FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2019;91(3):2079–85.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fornelli L, Srzentic K, Huguet R, Mullen C, Sharma S, Zabrouskov V, et al. Accurate sequence analysis of a monoclonal antibody by top-down and middle-down Orbitrap mass spectrometry applying multiple ion activation techniques. Anal Chem. 2018;90(14):8421–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cejkov M, Greer T, Johnson RO, Zheng X, Li N. Electron transfer dissociation parameter optimization using design of experiments increases sequence coverage of monoclonal antibodies. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2021;32(3):762–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Srzentic K, Fornelli L, Tsybin YO, Loo JA, Seckler H, Agar JN, et al. Interlaboratory study for characterizing monoclonal antibodies by top-down and middle-down mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2020;31(9):1783–802.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Watts E, Williams JD, Miesbauer LJ, Bruncko M, Brodbelt JS. Comprehensive middle-down mass spectrometry characterization of an antibody-drug conjugate by combined ion activation methods. Anal Chem. 2020;92(14):9790–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen B, Lin Z, Zhu Y, Jin Y, Larson E, Xu Q, et al. Middle-down multi-attribute analysis of antibody-drug conjugates with electron transfer dissociation. Anal Chem. 2019;91(18):11661–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bondt A, Hoek M, Tamara S, de Graaf B, Peng W, Schulte D, et al. Human plasma IgG1 repertoires are simple, unique, and dynamic. Cell Syst. 2021;12(12):1131-43 e5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dingess KA, Hoek M, van Rijswijk DMH, Tamara S, den Boer MA, Veth T, et al. Identification of common and distinct origins of human serum and breastmilk IgA1 by mass spectrometry-based clonal profiling. Cell Mol Immunol. 2023;20(1):26–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stephenson JL, McLuckey SA. Ion/ion reactions in the gas phase: proton transfer reactions involving multiply-charged proteins. J Am Chem Soc. 1996;118(31):7390–7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stephenson JL Jr, McLuckey SA. Ion/ion proton transfer reactions for protein mixture analysis. Anal Chem. 1996;68(22):4026–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huguet R, Mullen C, Srzentic K, Greer JB, Fellers RT, Zabrouskov V, et al. Proton transfer charge reduction enables high-throughput top-down analysis of large proteoforms. Anal Chem. 2019;91(24):15732–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dunham SD, Brodbelt JS. Enhancing top-down analysis of proteins by combining ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD), proton-transfer charge reduction (PTCR), and gas-phase fractionation to alleviate the impact of nondissociated precursor ions. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2024;35(2):255–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kline JT, Mullen C, Durbin KR, Oates RN, Huguet R, Syka JEP, et al. Sequential ion-ion reactions for enhanced gas-phase sequencing of large intact proteins in a tribrid Orbitrap mass spectrometer. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2021;32(9):2334–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed