Objectives The global health crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to over 760 million confirmed cases and 6.8 million deaths worldwide, primarily impacting the respiratory system with symptoms varying from mild to severe. This study aimed to analyze the interplay between vaccination status, sociodemographic profiles, comorbidities, and COVID-19 outcomes.

Study Design Observational, cross-sectional, and analytical.

Methods The study analyzed data from 6,953 individuals, examining vaccination statuses, sociodemographic profiles, comorbidities, COVID-19 test results, and other relevant variables. The cohort comprised predominantly mixed-race (51%), Caucasian (38%), and Black (9.5%) individuals, with 61% being female and 60% aged between 21-50 years. Prevalent comorbidities included hypertension (18.2%), diabetes (4.9%), and obesity (0.4%).

Results Population-weighted analysis revealed significant associations between sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 test outcomes. Younger age groups, particularly 11-30 years, had higher positivity rates, which declined with age. Caucasians exhibited higher positivity rates (40.1%) compared to other ethnicities. Cramér’s V indicated small correlations between symptoms and test outcomes, notably with loss of taste (V = 0.11) and smell (V = 0.08). Odds ratio analysis identified hypertension as significantly associated with higher COVID-19 positivity (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.28-1.83, p < 0.001), while obesity was associated with lower positivity (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02-0.63, p = 0.025). Symptoms such as fever, cough, loss of taste, loss of smell, and myalgia also showed significant associations with positive test outcomes.

Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, and COVID-19 outcomes.

The authors have declared no competing interest.

This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) [152071/2020-2], the Tess Research Foundation (TRF, USA), [Early-Career Investigator Research Grant 2022/2023], the Carlos Chagas Filho Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) [Emergencial E-26/211.041/2021 and JCNE E-26/201.434/2021].

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

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The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

This research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Grande Rio (CEP/UNIGRANRIO) under CAAE number 32362220.1.0000.5283.

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Authors’ e-mail addresses: Raphael Rangel das Chagas: raphael.chagasunigranrio.edu.br, Hercules Rezende Freitas: hercules.freitasbioqmed.ufrj.br, Sergian Vianna Cardozo: sergian.cardozounigranrio.edu.br

All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors