Phenol as a breath marker for hemodialysis of chronic kidney disease patients

Abstract

Background: We aimed to identify biomarkers in breath analysis with MCC-IMS to monitor the haemodialysis for CKD patients fast and non-invasive. Material & methods: Six patients′ breath was analysed via MCC-IMS before and after dialysis and compared to blood plasma samples analysed via UPLC-FLD for potential renal failure biomarkers. Additionally, breath from six healthy control persons was analysed. Results: Phenol was found as a breath marker for CKD. For three patients the phenol concentration in breath and plasma was elevated before and decreased during dialysis and reached values in the range of healthy control persons. Conclusion: This study shows that the measurement of phenol via breath analysis could be used to monitor the haemodialysis for CKD-patients and might also be usable for the calculation of haemodialysis dose in the future. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, breath analysis, breath marker, ion mobility spectrometry, MCC IMS, phenol

Competing Interest Statement

B.T. has received research grants from Evotec SE and CSL Vifor, all unrelated to this paper. B.T. has received honoraria and travel support from CSL Vifor, all unrelated to this paper. T.P. has a BMBF project under the number 03RU1U092G and received honoraria via the institution from TSC Int. NL for lectures, all unrelated to this paper. All other authors do not have any conflicts of interest.

Clinical Trial

DRKS00029679

Funding Statement

This study did not receive any funding

Author Declarations

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

Yes

The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

Ethic Committee of the University Medical Center Goettingen gave ethical approval for this work

I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.

Yes

I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

Yes

I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.

Yes

Data Availability

All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors

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