Medicine NLo. Complementary and Alternative Medicine. In: Bethesda, MD. 2018: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518811/.

United States, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. “Complementary and Alternative Medicine.” <https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam> Accessed on February 13, 2024.

Lee EL, Richards N, Harrison J, Barnes J. Prevalence of use of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine by the general population: A systematic review of national studies published from 2010 to 2019. Drug Saf. 2022;45:713–35.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alzahrani AS, Price MJ, Greenfield SM, Paudyal V. Global prevalence, and types of complementary and alternative medicines use amongst adults with diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;77:1259–74.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Keene MR, Heslop IM, Sabesan SS, Glass BD. Complementary and alternative medicine use in cancer: A systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019;35:33–47.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jones VA, Patel PM, Wilson C, Wang H, Ashack KA. Complementary and alternative medicine treatments for common skin diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAAD Int. 2020;26(2):76–93.

Google Scholar 

Diaz MJ, Aflatooni S, Abdi P, Li R, Anthony MR, Neelam S, Farkouh C, Tran JT, Svoboda S, Forouzandeh M, Valdes Rodriguez RH. Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Molecular Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Management-A Systematic Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023;45(5):4400–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Price KN, Thompson AM, Rizvi O, Hendricks AJ, Alavi A, Hsiao JL, Shi VY. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156(3):345–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sivanand A, Gulliver WP, Josan CK, Alhusayen R, Fleming PJ. Weight Loss and Dietary Interventions for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review. J Cutan Med Surg. 2020;24(1):64–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Oliveira ASLE, Bloise G, Moltrasio C, Coelho A, Agrelli A, Moura R, Tricarico PM, Jamain S, Marzano AV, Crovella S, et al. Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Confirms the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Pathogenic Triad: Upregulated Inflammation, Altered Epithelial Organization, and Dysregulated Metabolic Signaling. Biomolecules. 2022;12:1371.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sabat R, Jemec GBE, Matusiak Ł, Kimball AB, Prens E, Wolk K. Hidradenitis suppurativa. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):18.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wolk K, Join-Lambert O, Sabat R. Aetiology and pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183:999–1010.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Byrd AS, Carmona-Rivera C, O’Neil LJ, Carlucci PM, Cisar C, Rosenberg AZ, Kerns ML, Caffrey JA, Milner SM, Sacks JM, Aliu O, Broderick KP, Reichner JS, Miller LS, Kang S, Robinson WH, Okoye GA, Kaplan MJ. Neutrophil extracellular traps, B cells, and type I interferons contribute to immune dysregulation in hidradenitis suppurativa. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(508):eaav5908.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choi F, Lehmer L, Ekelem C, Mesinkovska NA. Dietary and metabolic factors in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa: A systematic review. Int J Dermatol. 2020;59(2):143–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vilanova I, Hernandez JL, Mata C, et al. Insulin resistance in hidradenitis suppurativa: A case-control study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(5):820–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mozeika E, Pilmane M, Nürnberg B, Jemec G. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase-2 are expressed strongly in hidradenitis suppurativa. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013;93(3):301–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Egeberg A, Gislason GH, Hansen PR. Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa. JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152:429–34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thorlacius L, Cohen AD, Gislason GH, Jemec GBE, Egeberg A. Increased Suicide Risk in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa. J Investig Dermatol. 2018;138:52–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alikhan A, Sayed C, Alavi A, et al. North American clinical management guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa: A publication from the United States and Canadian Hidradenitis Suppurativa Dermatol Ther. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(1):76–90.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stergianou D, Kanni T, Damoulari C, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. An evaluation of secukinumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2024;24(4):225–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Price KN, Collier EK, Grogan T, Fernandez JM, Alhusayen R, Alavi A, Hamzavi IH, Lowes MA, Porter MJ, Hsiao JL, Shi VY. Physician perspectives on complementary and alternative medicine in hidradenitis suppurativa. Dermatol Ther. 2021;34(2):e14851.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Howick J, Chalmers I, Glasziou P, Greenhalgh T, Heneghan C, Liberati A, Moschetti I, Phillips B, Thornton H. “Explanation of the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence (Background Document)”. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. <https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/levels-of-evidence/ocebm-levels-of-evidence> Accessed on August 7, 2024.

Opara EC, Rockway SW. Antioxidants and micronutrients. Dis Mon. 2006;52(4):151–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

San-Cristobal R, Navas-Carretero S, Martínez-González MÁ, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Contribution of macronutrients to obesity: implications for precision nutrition. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(6):305–20.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maarouf M, Platto JF, Shi VY. The role of nutrition in inflammatory pilosebaceous disorders: Implication of the skin-gut axis. Australas J Dermatol. 2019;60(2):e90–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barrea L, Fabbrocini G, Annunziata G, et al. Role of nutrition and adherence to the mediterranean diet in the multidisciplinary approach of hidradenitis suppurativa: Evaluation of nutritional status and its association with severity of disease. Nutrients. 2018;11:57.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lorite-Fuentes I, Montero-Vilchez T, Arias-Santiago S, Molina-Leyva A. Potential benefits of the Mediterranean diet and physical activity in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a cross-sectional study in a Spanish population. Nutrients. 2022;14(3):551.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Velluzzi F, Anedda J, Pisanu S, Dell’Antonia M, Deledda A, Boi A, et al. Mediterranean diet, lifestyle and quality of life in Sardinian patients affected with hidradenitis suppurativa. J Public Health Res. 2021;11(2):2706.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sebastian SA, Padda I, Johal G. Long-term impact of mediterranean diet on cardiovascular disease prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024;49(5):102509.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brocard A, Knol A-C, Khammari A, Dreno B. Hidradenitis suppurativa and zinc: A new therapeutic approach. Dermatol. 2007;214(4):325–7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jarrousse V, Castex-Rizzi N, Khammari A, et al. Zinc salts inhibit in vitro Toll-like receptor 2 surface expression by keratinocytes. Eur J Dermatol. 2007;17:492–6.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim J, Ochoa MT, Krutzik SR, et al. Activation of toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytokine responses. J Immunol. 2002;169:1535–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hendricks AJ, Hirt PA, Sekhon S, Vaughn AR, Lev-Tov HA, Hsiao JL, et al. Non-pharmacologic approaches for hidradenitis suppurativa - a systematic review. J Dermatolog Treat. 2021;32(1):11–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garcovich S, De Simone C, Giovanardi G, Robustelli E, Marzano AV, Peris K. Post-bariatric surgery hidradenitis suppurativa: a new patient subset associated with malabsorption and micronutritional deficiencies. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2019;44(3):283–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed