Ade KK, Wan Y, Hamann HC, O’Hare JK, Guo W, Quian A, Kumar S, Bhagat S, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Conn PJ, Dzirasa K, Huber KM, Calakos N (2016) Increased metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 signaling underlies obsessive-compulsive disorder-like behavioral and striatal circuit abnormalities in mice. Biol Psychiatry 80:522–533

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ahmari SE, Risbrough VB, Geyer MA, Simpson HB (2016) Prepulse inhibition deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder are more pronounced in females. Neuropsychopharmacology 41:2963–2964

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC

Book  Google Scholar 

Bai Y, Wang H, Li C (2022) SAPAP scaffold proteins: from synaptic function to neuropsychiatric disorders. Cells 11:3815

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bailey KR, Crawley JN (2009) Anxiety-related behaviors in mice. In: Buccafusco JJ (ed) Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience, 2nd edn. Press/Taylor CRC & Francis Copyright © 2009, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC., Boca Raton (FL)

Google Scholar 

Benzina N, N’Diaye K, Pelissolo A, Mallet L, Burguière E (2021) A cross-species assessment of behavioral flexibility in compulsive disorders. Commun Biol 4:96

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bey AL, Wang X, Yan H, Kim N, Passman RL, Yang Y, Cao X, Towers AJ, Hulbert SW, Duffney LJ, Gaidis E, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Yin HH, Jiang YH (2018) Brain region-specific disruption of Shank3 in mice reveals a dissociation for cortical and striatal circuits in autism-related behaviors. Transl Psychiatry 8:94

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bienvenu OJ, Wang Y, Shugart YY, Welch JM, Grados MA, Fyer AJ, Rauch SL, McCracken JT, Rasmussen SA, Murphy DL, Cullen B, Valle D, Hoehn-Saric R, Greenberg BD, Pinto A, Knowles JA, Piacentini J, Pauls DL, Liang KY, Willour VL, Riddle M, Samuels JF, Feng G, Nestadt G (2009) Sapap3 and pathological grooming in humans: results from the OCD collaborative genetics study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 150b:710–720

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boardman L, van der Merwe L, Lochner C, Kinnear CJ, Seedat S, Stein DJ, Moolman-Smook JC, Hemmings SM (2011) Investigating SAPAP3 variants in the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania in the South African white population. Compr Psychiatry 52:181–187

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burguière E, Monteiro P, Feng G, Graybiel AM (2013) Optogenetic stimulation of lateral orbitofronto-striatal pathway suppresses compulsive behaviors. Science 340:1243–1246

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Camilla d’Angelo LS, Eagle DM, Grant JE, Fineberg NA, Robbins TW, Chamberlain SR (2014) Animal models of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. CNS Spectr 19:28–49

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Casarotto PC, Biojone C, Montezuma K, Cunha FQ, Joca SRL, Castren E, Guimaraes FS (2018) Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) knockout mice as a model of trichotillomania. PeerJ 6:e4635

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chamberlain SR, Menzies L, Hampshire A, Suckling J, Fineberg NA, del Campo N, Aitken M, Craig K, Owen AM, Bullmore ET, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ (2008) Orbitofrontal dysfunction in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their unaffected relatives. Science 321:421–422

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen SK, Tvrdik P, Peden E, Cho S, Wu S, Spangrude G, Capecchi MR (2010) Hematopoietic origin of pathological grooming in Hoxb8 mutant mice. Cell 141:775–785

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chou-Green JM, Holscher TD, Dallman MF, Akana SF (2003) Compulsive behavior in the 5-HT2C receptor knockout mouse. Physiol Behav 78:641–649

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Coba MP, Ramaker MJ, Ho EV, Thompson SL, Komiyama NH, Grant SGN, Knowles JA, Dulawa SC (2018) Dlgap1 knockout mice exhibit alterations of the postsynaptic density and selective reductions in sociability. Sci Rep 8:2281

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Corbit VL, Manning EE, Gittis AH, Ahmari SE (2019) Strengthened inputs from secondary motor cortex to striatum in a mouse model of compulsive behavior. J Neurosci 39:2965–2975

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Crane J, Fagerness J, Osiecki L, Gunnell B, Stewart SE, Pauls DL, Scharf JM (2011) Family-based genetic association study of DLGAP3 in Tourette Syndrome. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 156b:108–114

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Wit S, Kindt M, Knot SL, Verhoeven AAC, Robbins TW, Gasull-Camos J, Evans M, Mirza H, Gillan CM (2018) Shifting the balance between goals and habits: five failures in experimental habit induction. J Exp Psychol Gen 147:1043–1065

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Del Casale A, Sorice S, Padovano A, Simmaco M, Ferracuti S, Lamis DA, Rapinesi C, Sani G, Girardi P, Kotzalidis GD, Pompili M (2019) Psychopharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Curr Neuropharmacol 17:710–736

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Delgado-Acevedo C, Estay SF, Radke AK, Sengupta A, Escobar AP, Henríquez-Belmar F, Reyes CA, Haro-Acuña V, Utreras E, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Cho A, Wendland JR, Kulkarni AB, Holmes A, Murphy DL, Chávez AE, Moya PR (2019) Behavioral and synaptic alterations relevant to obsessive-compulsive disorder in mice with increased EAAT3 expression. Neuropsychopharmacology 44:1163–1173

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dityatev AE, Bolshakov VY (2005) Amygdala, long-term potentiation, and fear conditioning. Neuroscientist 11:75–88

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ehmer I, Feenstra M, Willuhn I, Denys D (2020) Instrumental learning in a mouse model for obsessive-compulsive disorder: impaired habit formation in Sapap3 mutants. Neurobiol Learn Mem 168:107162

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feusner JD, Hembacher E, Phillips KA (2009) The mouse who couldn’t stop washing: pathologic grooming in animals and humans. CNS Spectr 14:503–513

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Freund J, Brandmaier AM, Lewejohann L, Kirste I, Kritzler M, Krüger A, Sachser N, Lindenberger U, Kempermann G (2013) Emergence of individuality in genetically identical mice. Science 340:756–759

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gazzellone MJ, Zarrei M, Burton CL, Walker S, Uddin M, Shaheen SM, Coste J, Rajendram R, Schachter RJ, Colasanto M, Hanna GL, Rosenberg DR, Soreni N, Fitzgerald KD, Marshall CR, Buchanan JA, Merico D, Arnold PD, Scherer SW (2016) Uncovering obsessive-compulsive disorder risk genes in a pediatric cohort by high-resolution analysis of copy number variation. J Neurodev Disord 8:36

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Geuther BQ, Peer A, He H, Sabnis G, Philip VM, Kumar V (2021) Action detection using a neural network elucidates the genetics of mouse grooming behavior. Elife 10:e63207

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gillan CM, Robbins TW (2014) Goal-directed learning and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Phil Trans R Soc B 369:20130475

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gillan CM, Morein-Zamir S, Urcelay GP, Sule A, Voon V, Apergis-Schoute AM, Fineberg NA, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW (2014) Enhanced avoidance habits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 75:631–638

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Glorie D, Verhaeghe J, Miranda A, Kertesz I, Wyffels L, Stroobants S, Staelens S (2020) Progression of obsessive compulsive disorder-like grooming in Sapap3 knockout mice: a longitudinal [(11)C]ABP688 PET study. Neuropharmacology 177:108160