Abdallah CG, Jiang L, De Feyter HM et al (2014) Glutamate metabolism in major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 171:1320–1327. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14010067

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Almulla AF, Maes M (2022) The Tryptophan Catabolite or Kynurenine Pathway’s role in Major Depression. Curr Top Med Chem 22:1731–1735. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026622666220428095250

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Almulla AF, Abdul Jaleel A-KK, Abo Algon AA et al (2023) Mood symptoms and chronic fatigue syndrome due to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis are Associated with Immune activation and aberrations in the Erythron. Brain Sci 13:1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071073

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W et al (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Anderson G (2018) Linking the biological underpinnings of depression: role of mitochondria interactions with melatonin, inflammation, sirtuins, tryptophan catabolites, DNA repair and oxidative and nitrosative stress, with consequences for classification and cognition. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry 80:255–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.022

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Baecher-Allan C, Kaskow BJ, Weiner HL (2018) Multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and immunotherapy. Neuron 97:742–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.021

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Barbon A, Caracciolo L, Orlandi C et al (2011) Chronic antidepressant treatments induce a time-dependent up-regulation of AMPA receptor subunit protein levels. Neurochem Int 59:896–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2011.07.013

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Berer K, Gerdes LA, Cekanaviciute E et al (2017) Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci 114:10719–10724. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711233114

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Beurel E, Lowell JA (2018) Th17 cells in depression. Brain Behav Immun 69:28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.001

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Beurel E, Harrington LE, Jope RS (2013) Inflammatory T helper 17 cells promote depression-like behavior in mice. Biol Psychiatry 73:622–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.09.021

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Beurel E, Lowell JA, Jope RS (2018) Distinct characteristics of hippocampal pathogenic TH17 cells in a mouse model of depression. Brain Behav Immun 73:180–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.04.012

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bianchimano P, Britton GJ, Wallach DS et al (2022) Mining the microbiota to identify gut commensals modulating neuroinflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Microbiome 10:174. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-022-01364-2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Biesmans S, Meert TF, Bouwknecht JA et al (2013) Systemic immune activation leads to neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2013:271359. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/271359

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bonini D, Mora C, Tornese P et al (2016) Acute Footshock Stress Induces Time-Dependent Modifications of AMPA/NMDA Protein Expression and AMPA Phosphorylation. Neural Plast 2016:7267865. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7267865

Calabrese F, Guidotti G, Molteni R et al (2012) Stress-induced changes of hippocampal NMDA receptors: modulation by duloxetine treatment. PLoS ONE 7:e37916. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037916

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Capuron L, Miller AH (2011) Immune system to brain signaling: neuropsychopharmacological implications. Pharmacol Ther 130:226–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.014

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Charlet R, Bortolus C, Sendid B, Jawhara S (2020) Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Lactobacillus johnsonii modulate intestinal inflammation and eliminate fungi via enzymatic hydrolysis of the fungal cell wall. Sci Rep 10:11510. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68214-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cheng Y, Desse S, Martinez A et al (2018) TNFα disrupts blood brain barrier integrity to maintain prolonged depressive-like behavior in mice. Brain Behav Immun 69:556–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.003

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chipashvili O, Utter DR, Bedree JK et al (2021) Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria suppresses gingival inflammation and bone loss in mice through host bacterial modulation. Cell Host Microbe 29:1649–1662e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2021.09.009

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Christoff AP, Sereia AFR, Boberg DR et al (2017) Bacterial identification through accurate library preparation and high-throughput sequencing. Neoprospecta Microbiome Technol 25:1–5

Google Scholar 

Clark SM, Michael KC, Klaus J et al (2015) Dissociation between sickness behavior and emotionality during lipopolysaccharide challenge in lymphocyte deficient Rag2-/- mice. Behav Brain Res 278:74–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2014.09.030

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cruz-Pereira JS, Rea K, Nolan YM et al (2020) Depression’s Unholy Trinity: dysregulated stress, immunity, and the Microbiome. Annu Rev Psychol 71:49–78. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011613

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duarte-Silva E, Araújo SM, da Oliveira R WH, et al (2018) Sildenafil ameliorates EAE by decreasing apoptosis in the spinal cord of C57BL/6 mice. J Neuroimmunol 321:125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.06.002

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Duarte-Silva E, Macedo D, Maes M, Peixoto CA (2019) Novel insights into the mechanisms underlying depression-associated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry 93:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.03.001

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Duarte-Silva E, Filho AJMC, Barichello T et al (2020) Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: shedding new light on the darkness of depression? J Affect Disord 264:138–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.114

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Duarte-Silva E, de Melo MG, Maes M et al (2021a) Shared metabolic and neuroimmune mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes Mellitus and Major Depressive Disorder. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry 111:110351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110351

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Duarte-Silva E, Meiry da Rocha Araújo S, Oliveira WH et al (2021b) Sildenafil alleviates murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by triggering autophagy in the spinal cord. Front Immunol 12:671511. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.671511

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Duarte-Silva E, Meuth SG, Peixoto CA (2022a) Microbial metabolites in multiple sclerosis: implications for Pathogenesis and treatment. Front Neurosci 16:1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.885031

Article  Google Scholar 

Duarte-Silva E, Ulrich H, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á et al (2022b) The adenosi