Díaz-Guzmán J, Egido J-A, Gabriel-Sánchez R, Barberá-Comes G, Fuentes-Gimeno B, Fernández-Pérez C, Group, on behalf of the I. S. I. of the S. P. of the S. C. D. S. Stroke and transient ischemic attack incidence rate in Spain: the IBERICTUS study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;34(4):272–81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000342652.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

The Burden of Stroke in Europe | The Burden of Stroke in Europe Report. 2017. Retrieved from https://strokeeurope.eu/index/the-burden-of-stroke-in-europe/. Accessed 29 Aug 2022.

Coutts SB. Diagnosis and management of transient ischemic attack. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn). 2017;23(1, Cerebrovascular Disease):82–92. https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000424.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chandratheva A, Mehta Z, Geraghty OC, Marquardt L, Rothwell PM. Population-based study of risk and predictors of stroke in the first few hours after a TIA. Neurology. 2009;72(22):1941–7. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a826ad.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Francisco P, Joan M, Álex R, Pilar D, Manuel Q, José Á-S. Higher risk of further vascular events among transient ischemic attack patients with diffusion-weighted imaging acute ischemic lesions. Stroke. 2004;35(10):2313–9. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000141703.21173.91.

Article  Google Scholar 

Clissold B, Phan TG, Ly J, Singhal S, Srikanth V, Ma H. Current aspects of TIA management. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;72:20–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.032.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Magnusson C, Lövgren E, Alfredsson J, Axelsson C, Andersson Hagiwara M, Rosengren L, …, Jood K. Difficulties in the prehospital assessment of patients with TIA/stroke. Acta Neurol Scand. 2021;143(3):318–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/ane.13369.

Jadav RK, Mortazavi R, Yee KC. Blood biomarkers for triaging patients for suspected stroke: every minute counts. J Clin Med. 2022;11(14):4243. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144243.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Caplan LR, Searls DE, Hon FKS. Cerebrovascular disease. Med Clin North Am. 2009;93(2):353–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2008.09.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hand PJ, Joseph K, Lindley RI, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM. Distinguishing between stroke and mimic at the bedside. Stroke. 2006;37(3):769–75. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000204041.13466.4c.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nadarajan V, Perry RJ, Johnson J, Werring DJ. Transient ischaemic attacks: mimics and chameleons. Pract Neurol. 2014;14(1):23–31. https://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2013-000782.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li J, Wang Y. Blood biomarkers in minor stroke and transient ischemic attack. Neurosci Bull. 2016;32(5):463–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-016-0038-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pelsers MMAL, Glatz JFC. Detection of brain injury by fatty acid-binding proteins. Clin Chem Lab Med (CCLM). 2005;43(8):802–9. https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2005.135.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ye X, He Y, Wang S, Wong GT, Irwin MG, Xia Z. Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) as a biomarker for acute myocardial injury and long-term post-ischemic prognosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2018;39(7):1155–63. https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2018.37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zimmermann-Ivol CG, Burkhard PR, Floch-Rohr JL, Allard L, Hochstrasser DF, Sanchez J-C. Fatty acid binding protein as a serum marker for the early diagnosis of stroke: a pilot study *. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2004;3(1):66–72. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M300066-MCP200.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wunderlich MT, Hanhoff T, Goertler M, Spener F, Glatz JFC, Wallesch C-W, Pelsers MMAL. Release of brain–type and heart–type fatty acid–binding proteins in serum after acute ischaemic stroke. J Neurol. 2005;252(6):718–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-005-0725-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Greisenegger S, Segal HC, Burgess AI, Poole DL, Mehta Z, Rothwell PM. Biomarkers and mortality after TIA and minor ischemic stroke: population-based study. Stroke. 2015;46(3):659–66. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007624.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guo Q, Kawahata I, Cheng A, Jia W, Wang H, Fukunaga K. Fatty acid-binding proteins: their roles in ischemic stroke and potential as drug targets. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(17):9648. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179648.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bustamante A, López-Cancio E, Pich S, Penalba A, Giralt D, García-Berrocoso T, …, Montaner J. Blood biomarkers for the early diagnosis of stroke. Stroke. 2017;48(9):2419–2425. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.017076.

Veerkamp JH, Zimmerman AW. Fatty acid-binding proteins of nervous tissue. J Mol Neurosci. 2001;16(2):133–42. https://doi.org/10.1385/JMN:16:2-3:133.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park S-Y, Kim M-H, Kim O-J, Ahn H-J, Song J-Y, Jeong J-Y, Oh S-H. Plasma heart-type fatty acid binding protein level in acute ischemic stroke: Comparative analysis with plasma S100B level for diagnosis of stroke and prediction of long-term clinical outcome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013;115(4):405–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.06.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park S-Y, Kim J, Kim O-J, Kim J-K, Song J, Shin D-A, Oh S-H. Predictive value of circulating interleukin-6 and heart-type fatty acid binding protein for three months clinical outcome in acute cerebral infarction: multiple blood markers profiling study. Crit Care. 2013;17(2):R45. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc12564.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dolmans LS, Rutten F, Bartelink M-LEL, van Dijk EJ, Nederkoorn PJ, Kappelle J, Hoes AW. Serum biomarkers in patients suspected of transient ischaemic attack in primary care: a diagnostic accuracy study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(10). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031774.

Sadighi A, Abedi V, Stanciu A, El Andary N, Banciu M, Holland N, Zand R. Six-month outcome of transient ischemic attack and its mimics. Front Neurol. 2019;10:294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00294.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Amarenco P, Lavallée PC, Labreuche J, Albers GW, Bornstein NM, Canhão P, …, Wong LKS. One-year risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(16):1533–1542. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1412981.

Lagerstedt L, Egea-Guerrero JJ, Bustamante A, Montaner J, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, El Rahal A, …, Sanchez J-C. H-FABP: A new biomarker to differentiate between CT-positive and CT-negative patients with mild traumatic brain injury. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175572.

Lagerstedt L, Egea-Guerrero JJ, Bustamante A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, El Rahal A, Quintana-Diaz M, …, Sanchez J-C. Combining H-FABP and GFAP increases the capacity to differentiate between CT-positive and CT-negative patients with mild traumatic brain injury. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200394.

Howick J, Cals WL, Jones C, Price CP, Plüddemann A, Heneghan C, …, Thompson M. Current and future use of point-of-care tests in primary care: an international survey in Australia, Belgium, The Netherlands, the UK and the USA. BMJ Open. 2014;4(8). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005611.

Guttmann A, Schull MJ, Vermeulen MJ, Stukel TA. Association between waiting times and short term mortality and hospital admission after departure from emergency department: population based cohort study from Ontario, Canada. BMJ. 2011;342:d2983. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d2983.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nørgaard B, Mogensen CB. Blood sample tube transporting system versus point of care technology in an emergency department; effect on time from collection to reporting? A randomised trial. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2012;20:71. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-7241-20-71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rooney KD, Schilling UM. Point-of-care testing in the overcrowded emergency department – can it make a difference? Crit Care. 2014;18(6):692. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-014-0692-9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lahr MMH, van der Zee D-J, Luijckx G-J, Vroomen PCAJ, Buskens E. A simulation-based approach for improving utilization of thrombolysis in acute brain infarction. Med Care. 2013;51(12):1101–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182a3e505.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weber JE, Ebinger M, Rozanski M, Waldschmidt C, Wendt M, Winter B, …, STEMO-Consortium, F. T. Prehospital thrombolysis in acute stroke: Results of the PHANTOM-S pilot study. Neurology. 2013;80(2):163–168. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827b90e5.