National Institute of Mental Health (2022). Anxiety Disorders. Accessed April 19, 2023 from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Among Adults - United States, February 12–March 28, 2020. Accessed April 19, 2023 from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6932a1.htm

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022). COVID-19 pandemic triggers 25% increase in prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide: Wake-up call to all countries to step up mental health services and support. Accessed April 19, 2023 from https://www.who.int/news/item/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide

Annenberg Public Policy Center University of Pennsylvania (2022). Despite Awareness of Covid-19 Risks, Many Americans Say They’re Back to ‘Normal’. Accessed April 21, 2023 from https://www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/despite-awareness-of-covid-19-risks-many-Americans-say-theyre-back-to-normal/

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (2022). Anxiety in Adults: Screening. Accessed April 21, 2023 from https://uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/anxiety-adults-screening

Baumgaertner, E. (2022). Health Panel Recommends Anxiety Screening for All Adults Under 65. Accessed April 19, 2023 from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/20/health/anxiety-screening-recommendation.html

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2016 Jun. Table 3.15, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Comparison. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t15/

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16:606–13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Spitzer, Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine (1960), 166(10), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092

Article  Google Scholar 

Manea L., Gilbody S. & McMillan D. (2012). Optimal cut-of score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis. CMAJ JAMC. 184(3) E191-E196https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.110829

Plummer, F., Manea, L., Trepel, D., & McMillan, D. (2016). Screening for anxiety disorders with the GAD-7 and GAD-2: a systematic review and diagnostic metaanalysis. General Hospital Psychiatry, 39, 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.11.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crismon, M. L., Trivedi, M., Pigott, T. A., Rush, A. J., Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Kahn, D. A., DeBattista, C., Nelson, J. C., Nierenberg, A. A., Sackeim, H. A., & Thase, M. E. (1999). The Texas medication algorithm project: Report of the Texas consensus conference panel on medication treatment of major depressive disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60(3), 142–156https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v60n0302

Robinson, E., & Parish, S. J. (2015). Screening for mental health and substance use disorders in primary care settings. Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings, 22(1), 73–80

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2018). Mental Health Screening and Assessment Tools for Primary Care. Accessed April 21, 2023 from https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/sites/default/files/mental-health-screening-tools-for-primary-care.pdf

Lo, J., Rae, M., Amin, K., Cox, C., Panchal, N., & Miller, B. F. (2022). Telehealth Has Played an Outsized Role Meeting Mental Health Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) Retrieved April 19, 2023 from https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/telehealth-has-played-an-outsized-role-meeting-mental-health-needs-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/

Habibzadeh, H., Dinesh, K., Shishvan, O.R., Boggio-Dandry, A., Sharma, G., & Soyata, T. (2019). A Survey of Healthcare Internet-of-Things (HIoT): A Clinical Perspective. IEEE Internet Things J 2020;7:53–71https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2946359

Beaman, Lawson, Keener, & Mathews (2022) Within Clinic Reliability and Usability of a Voice-Based Amazon Alexa Administration of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 Journal of Medical Systems, 46: 38 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-022-01816-0

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Laugwitz B, Held T, Schrepp M. Construction and evaluation of a user experience questionnaire. In HCI and Usability for Education and Work (pp. 63–76). Springer Berlin Heidelberghttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89350-9_6

Rauschenberger, M., Schrepp, M., Cota, M. P., Olschner, S., & Thomaschewski, J. (2013). Efficient measurement of the user experience of interactive products. How to use the user experience questionnaire (UEQ). International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Multimedia. https://doi.org/10.9781/ijimai.2013.215

Article  Google Scholar 

Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 1951;16:297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555

Article  Google Scholar 

Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011) Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education 2:53–5https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd