Bello AK, Okpechi IG, Osman MA, Cho Y, Htay H, Jha V, Wainstein M, Johnson DW (2022) Epidemiology of haemodialysis outcomes. Nat Rev Nephrol 186(18):378–395. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-022-00542-7

Article  Google Scholar 

Zelmer JL (2007) The economic burden of end-stage renal disease in Canada. Kidney Int 72:1122–1129. https://doi.org/10.1038/SJ.KI.5002459

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Thurlow JS, Joshi M, Yan G, Norris KC, Agodoa LY, Yuan CM, Nee R (2021) Global epidemiology of end-stage kidney disease and disparities in kidney replacement therapy. Am J Nephrol 52:98–107. https://doi.org/10.1159/000514550

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Robinson BM, Akizawa T, Jager KJ, Kerr PG, Saran R, Pisoni RL (2016) Factors affecting outcomes in patients reaching end-stage kidney disease worldwide: differences in access to renal replacement therapy, modality use, and haemodialysis practices. Lancet (London, England) 388:294–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30448-2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cozzolino M, Mangano M, Stucchi A, Ciceri P, Conte F, Galassi A (2018) Cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 33:iii28. https://doi.org/10.1093/NDT/GFY174

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Poulikakos D, Hnatkova K, Skampardoni S, Green D, Kalra P, Malik M (2019) Sudden cardiac death in dialysis: arrhythmic mechanisms and the value of non-invasive electrophysiology. Front Physiol 10:144. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2019.00144

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li X, Lindholm B (2022) Cardiovascular risk prediction in chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 53:730–739. https://doi.org/10.1159/000528560

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elola MT, Wolfenstein-Todel C, Troncoso MF, Vasta GR, Rabinovich GA (2007) Galectins: matricellular glycan-binding proteins linking cell adhesion, migration, and survival. Cell Mol Life Sci 64:1679–1700. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00018-007-7044-8/METRICS

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Barondes SH, Castronovo V, Cooper DNW, Cummings RD, Drickamer K, Felzi T, Gitt MA, Hirabayashi J, Hughes C, Kichi K, Leffler H, Liu FT, Lotan R, Mercurio AM, Monsigny M, Pillai S, Poirer F, Raz A, Rigby PWJ, Rini JM, Wang JL (1994) Galectins: a family of animal beta-galactoside-binding lectins. Cell 76:597–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90498-7

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cummings RD, Liu F-T, Rabinovich GA, Stowell SR, Vasta GR (2022) Galectins. Carbohydrates. Chem Biol 4–4:625–647. https://doi.org/10.1101/GLYCOBIOLOGY.4E.36

Article  Google Scholar 

Haudek KC, Spronk KJ, Voss PG, Patterson RJ, Wang JL, Arnoys EJ (2010) Dynamics of galectin-3 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Biochim Biophys Acta 1800:181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BBAGEN.2009.07.005

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sato S, Nieminen J (2002) Seeing strangers or announcing “danger”: galectin-3 in two models of innate immunity. Glycoconj J 19:583–591. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GLYC.0000014089.17121.CC

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li LC, Li J, Gao J (2014) Functions of galectin-3 and its role in fibrotic diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 351:336–343. https://doi.org/10.1124/JPET.114.218370

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baccouche BM, Mahmoud MA, Nief C, Patel K, Natterson-Horowitz B (2023) Galectin-3 is associated with heart failure incidence: a meta-analysis. Curr Cardiol Rev 19:e171122211004. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X19666221117122012

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shi Y, Dong G, Liu J, Shuang X, Liu C, Yang C, Qing W, Qiao W (2022) Clinical implications of plasma Galectin-3 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 9:854501. https://doi.org/10.3389/FCVM.2022.854501

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Colvin MM, Drazner MH, Filippatos GS, Fonarow GC, Givertz MM, Hollenberg SM, Lindenfeld JA, Masoudi FA, McBride PE, Peterson PN, Stevenson LW, Westlake C (2017) 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: a Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. J Am Coll Cardiol 70:776–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACC.2017.04.025

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Menini S, Iacobini C, Ricci C, Fantauzzi CB, Salvi L, Pesce CM, Relucenti M, Familiari G, Taurino M, Pugliese G (2013) The galectin-3/RAGE dyad modulates vascular osteogenesis in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 100:472–480. https://doi.org/10.1093/CVR/CVT206

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tian L, Chen K, Han Z (2020) Correlation between Galectin-3 and adverse outcomes in myocardial infarction patients: a meta-analysis. Cardiol Res Pract 2020:7614327. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7614327

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Han X, Geng B, Deng F, Ma Y, Fan N, Huang S, Xue M, Wu L, Li B, Liao S, Ye Q, Liu Y (2023) Galectin-3 is associated with the functional outcome and mortality in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 9:e13279. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2023.E13279

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang F, Zhou L, Eliaz A, Hu C, Qiang X, Ke L, Chertow G, Eliaz I, Peng Z (2023) The potential roles of galectin-3 in AKI and CKD. Front Physiol 14:1090724. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHYS.2023.1090724/FULL

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang QF, Cheng YB, Guo QH, Wang Y, Chen YL, Zhang DY, An DW, Li Y, Wang JG (2023) Serum Galectin-3 and Mucin-1 (CA15-3) in relation to renal function in untreated chinese patients. Am J Hypertens 36:176–182. https://doi.org/10.1093/AJH/HPAC115

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yong G, Li L, Hu S (2023) Circulating Galectin-3 levels and Diabetic Nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol 24:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12882-023-03226-X/FIGURES/6

Article  Google Scholar 

Alam ML, Katz R, Bellovich KA, Bhat ZY, Brosius FC, de Boer IH, Gadegbeku CA, Gipson DS, Hawkins JJ, Himmelfarb J, Kestenbaum BR, Kretzler M, Robinson-Cohen C, Steigerwalt SP, Tuegel C, Bansal N (2019) Soluble ST2 and Galectin-3 and Progression of CKD. Kidney Int Reports 4:103. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EKIR.2018.09.013

Article  Google Scholar 

Tuegel C, Katz R, Alam M, Bhat Z, Bellovich K, de Boer I, Brosius F, Gadegbeku C, Gipson D, Hawkins J, Himmelfarb J, Ju W, Kestenbaum B, Kretzler M, Robinson-Cohen C, Steigerwalt S, Bansal N (2018) GDF-15, Galectin 3, soluble ST2, and risk of mortality and cardiovascular events in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 72:519. https://doi.org/10.1053/J.AJKD.2018.03.025

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hróbjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.N71

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Greenhalgh T, Peacock R (2005) Effectiveness and efficiency of search methods in systematic reviews of complex evidence: audit of primary sources. BMJ 331:1064–1065. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38636.593461.68

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, Savović J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, Henry D, Altman DG, Ansari MT, Boutron I, Carpenter JR, Chan A-W, Churchill R, Deeks JJ, Hróbjartsson A, Kirkham J, Jüni P, Loke YK, Pigott TD, Ramsay CR, Regidor D, Rothstein HR, Sandhu L, Santaguida PL, Schünemann HJ, Shea B, Shrier I, Tugwell P, Turner L, Valentine JC, Waddington H, Waters E, Wells GA, Whiting PF, Higgins JP (2016) ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ 355:i4919. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4919

Article  PubMed