Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saginala K, Barsouk A, Aluru JS, Rawla P, Padala SA, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of bladder cancer. Med Sci. 2020;8:15.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Burger M, Catto JW, Dalbagni G, Grossman HB, Herr H, Karakiewicz P, Kassouf W, Kiemeney LA, La Vecchia C, Shariat S, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors of urothelial bladder cancer. Eur Urol. 2013;63:234–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Babjuk M, Burger M, Capoun O, Cohen D, Compérat EM, Dominguez Escrig JL, Gontero P, Liedberg F, Masson-Lecomte A, Mostafid AH, Palou J, van Rhijn BWG, Rouprêt M, Shariat SF, Seisen T, Soukup V, Sylvester RJ. European association of urology guidelines on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Ta, T1, and Carcinoma in Situ). Eur Urol. 2022;81:75–94.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cassell A, Yunusa B, Jalloh M, Mbodji MM, Diallo A, Ndoye M, Diallo Y, Labou I, Niang L, Gueye SM. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a review of the current trend in Africa. World J Oncol. 2019;10:123–31.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Witjes JA, Bruins HM, Cathomas R, Compérat EM, Cowan NC, Gakis G, Hernández V, Linares Espinós E, Lorch A, Neuzillet Y, et al. European association of urology guidelines on muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer: summary of the 2020 Guidelines. Eur Urol. 2021;79:82–104.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fletcher A, Choudhury A, Alam N. Metastatic bladder cancer: a review of current management. ISRN Urol. 2011;2011:545241.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xiao JF, Caliri AW, Duex JE, Theodorescu D. Targetable pathways in advanced bladder cancer: FGFR signaling. Cancers. 2021;13:4891.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wołącewicz M, Hrynkiewicz R, Grywalska E, Suchojad T, Leksowski T, Roliński J, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. Immunotherapy in bladder cancer: current methods and future perspectives. Cancers. 2020;12:1181.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pinto-Leite R, Carreira I, Melo J, Ferreira SI, Ribeiro I, Ferreira J, Filipe M, Bernardo C, Arantes-Rodrigues R, Oliveira P, et al. Genomic characterization of three urinary bladder cancer cell lines: understanding genomic types of urinary bladder cancer. Tumour Biol. 2014;35:4599–617.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mitra AP, Datar RH, Cote RJ. Molecular pathways in invasive bladder cancer: new insights into mechanisms, progression, and target identification. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:5552–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murugesan K, Necchi A, Burn TC, Gjoerup O, Greenstein R, Krook M, López JA, Montesion M, Nimeiri H, Parikh AR, et al. Pan-tumor landscape of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1–4 genomic alterations. ESMO Open. 2022;7:100641.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bernard-Pierrot I, Brams A, Dunois-Lardé C, Caillault A, Diez de Medina SG, Cappellen D, Graff G, Thiery JP, Chopin D, Ricol D, et al. Oncogenic properties of the mutated forms of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3b. Carcinogenesis. 2006;27:740–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pandith AA, Shah ZA, Siddiqi MA. Oncogenic role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in tumorigenesis of urinary bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 2013;31:398–406.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Illi B, Nasi S. Myc beyond cancer: regulation of mammalian tissue regeneration. Pathophysiology. 2023;30:346–65.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Devaiah BN, Mu J, Akman B, Uppal S, Weissman JD, Cheng D, Baranello L, Nie Z, Levens D, Singer DS. MYC protein stability is negatively regulated by BRD4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117:13457–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koh CM, Sabò A, Guccione E. Targeting MYC in cancer therapy: RNA processing offers new opportunities. BioEssays. 2016;38:266–75.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stefan E, Bister K. MYC and RAF: key effectors in cellular signaling and major drivers in human cancer. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2017;407:117–51.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fragkoulis C, Ntoumas G, Glykas I, Papadopoulos G, Stathouros G, Kostopoulou A, Choreftaki T, Ntoumas K. Expression of proto-oncogene c-Myc in patients with urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Curr Urol. 2021;15:231–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Beenken A, Mohammadi M. The FGF family: biology, pathophysiology and therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009;8:235–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ferguson HR, Smith MP, Francavilla C. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) and noncanonical partners in cancer signaling. Cells. 2021;10:1201.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chioni AM, Grose RP. Biological significance and targeting of the FGFR axis in cancer. Cancers. 2021;13:5681.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vainikka S, Partanen J, Bellosta P, Coulier F, Birnbaum D, Basilico C, Jaye M, Alitalo K. Fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 shows novel features in genomic structure, ligand binding and signal transduction. EMBO J. 1992;11:4273–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ornitz DM, Xu J, Colvin JS, McEwen DG, MacArthur CA, Coulier F, Gao G, Goldfarb M. Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:15292–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang X, Ibrahimi OA, Olsen SK, Umemori H, Mohammadi M, Ornitz DM. Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family. The complete mammalian FGF family. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:15694–700.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Helsten T, Schwaederle M, Kurzrock R. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling in hereditary and neoplastic disease: biologic and clinical implications. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2015;34:479–96.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu Q, Huang J, Yan W, Liu Z, Liu S, Fang W. FGFR families: biological functions and therapeutic interventions in tumors. MedComm. 2020;2023(4):e367.

Google Scholar 

Xie Y, Su N, Yang J, Tan Q, Huang S, Jin M, Ni Z, Zhang B, Zhang D, Luo F, et al. FGF/FGFR signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5:181.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zheng J, Zhang W, Li L, He Y, Wei Y, Dang Y, Nie S, Guo Z. Signaling pathway and small-molecule drug discovery of FGFR: a comprehensive review. Front Chem. 2022;10:860985.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis. 2022;14:e1549.

Article  CAS