Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, Balaji S, Burke MA, Day SM, et al. Writing Committee Members. 2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83(23):2324–405.

Article  Google Scholar 

Karim S, Chahal CAA, Sherif AA, Khanji MY, Scott CG, Chamberlain AM, et al. Re-evaluating the Incidence and Prevalence of Clinical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Epidemiological Study of Olmsted County. Minnesota Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2024;99(3):362–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Semsarian C, Ingles J, Maron MS, Maron BJ. New perspectives on the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(12):1249–54.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maron BJ, Gardin JM, Flack JM, Gidding SS, Kurosaki TT, Bild DE. Prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a general population of young adults. Echocardiographic analysis of subjects in the CARDIA Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults. Circulation. 1995;92:785–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maron BJ, Mathenge R, Casey SA, Poliac LC, Longe TF. Clinical profile of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy identified de novo in rural communities. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:1590–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cirino AL, Harris S, Lakdawala NK, et al. Role of genetic testing in inherited cardiovascular disease: a review. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2:1153–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alfares AA, Kelly MA, McDermott G, et al. Results of clinical genetic testing of 2,912 probands with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: expanded panels offer limited additional sensitivity. Genet Med. 2015;17:880–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burke MA, Cook SA, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Clinical and mechanistic insights into the genetics of cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:2871–86.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maron MS, Hellawell JL, Lucove JC, Farzaneh Far R, Olivotto I. Occurrence of clinically diagnosed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the United States. Am J Cardiol. 2016;117:1651–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vulpian A. Contribution à l’étude des rétrécissements de l’orifice ventriculo-aortique. Arch Pathol. 1868;3:456–7.

Google Scholar 

Liouville H. Rétrécissement cardiaque sous aortique. Gazette Med Paris. 1869;24:161–3.

Google Scholar 

Hallopeau M. Rétrécissement ventriculo-aortique Gazette Med Paris. 1869;24:683–4.

Google Scholar 

Teare D. Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart in young adults. Br Heart J. 1958;20(1):1–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Braunwald E, Lambrew E, Rockoff D, et al. Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis I. A description of the disease based upon an analysis of 64 patients. Circulation. 1964;30(Suppl IV):1–217.

Google Scholar 

Hutt E, Nissen SE, Desai MY. Unmet needs in the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Future Cardiol. 2021;17:1261–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maron BJ, Rowin EJ, Casey SA, Maron MS. How hypertrophic cardiomyopathy became a contemporary treatable genetic disease with low mortality: shaped by 50 years of clinical research and practice. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1:98–105.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villemain O, Correia M, Mousseaux E, Baranger J, Zarka S, Podetti I, et al. Myocardial stiffness evaluation using noninvasive shear wave imaging in healthy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathic adults. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;12:1135–45.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Soullier C, Obert P, Doucende G, Nottin S, Cade S, Perez-Martin A, et al. Exercise response in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: blunted left ventricular deformational and twisting reserve with altered systolic-diastolic coupling. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:324–32.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pasqualucci D, Fornaro A, Castelli G, Rossi A, Arretini A, Chiriatti C, et al. Clinical spectrum, therapeutic options, and outcome of advanced heart failure in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail. 2015;8:1014–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Carrick RT, Patel PP, Koethe B, Wells S, et al. Outcomes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75:3033–43.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sorajja P, Nishimura RA, Gersh BJ, Dearani JA, Hodge DO, Wiste HJ, et al. Outcome of mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a long-term follow-up study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:234–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maron MS, Olivotto I, Zenovich AG, Link MS, Pandian NG, Kuvin JT, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is predominantly a disease of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Circulation. 2006;114:2232–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wilke I, Witzel K, Munch J, Pecha S, Blankenberg S, Reichenspurner H, et al. High incidence of de novo and subclinical atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac rhythm management device. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2016;27:779–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hinojar R, Varma N, Child N, Goodman B, Jabbour A, Yu CY, et al. T1 mapping in discrimination of hypertrophic phenotypes: hypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: findings from the international T1 multicenter cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:e003285.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klues HG, Schiffers A, Maron BJ. Phenotypic spectrum and patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: morphologic observations and significance as assessed by twodimensional echocardiography in 600 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1699–708.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seferovic PM, Polovina M, Bauersachs J, Arad M, Ben Gal T, Lund LH, et al. Heart failure in cardiomyopathies: a position paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:553–76.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nagueh SF, Phelan D, Abraham T, Armour A, Desai MY, Dragulescu A, et al. Recommendations for Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging of Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography, in Collaboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2022;35:533–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Olivotto I, Maron MS. Role of exercise testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10:1374–86.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maron MS, Olivotto I, Betocchi S, Casey SA, Lesser JR, Losi MA, et al. Effect of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction on clinical outcome in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:295–303.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maron BJ, Ommen SR, Semsarian C, Spirito P, Olivotto I, Maron MS. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: present and future, with translation into contemporary cardiovascular medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:83–99.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wigle ED. Cardiomyopathy: The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart. 2001;86:709–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maron BJ, Shen WK, Link MS, Epstein AE, Almquist AK, Daubert JP, et al. Efficacy of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for the prevention of sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:365–73.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maron BJ. Clinical course and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:655–68.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maron BJ, Nishimura RA, Maron MS. Shared decision-making in HCM. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14:125–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar